cellar S. Lhomme Internet-Draft Intended status: Standards Track M. Bunkus Expires: 18 June 2025 D. Rice 15 December 2024 Matroska Media Container Codec Specifications draft-ietf-cellar-codec-14 Abstract This document defines the Matroska codec mappings, including the codec ID, layout of data in a Block element and in an optional CodecPrivate element. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 18 June 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Notation and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Codec Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Defining Matroska Codec Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1. Codec ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.2. Codec Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.3. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.4. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.5. Codec BlockAdditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.6. Citation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.7. Superseded By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2. Recommendations for the Creation of New Codec Mappings . 8 3.3. Video Codec Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.1. V_AV1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.2. V_AVS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.3. V_AVS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.4. V_CAVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.5. V_DIRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.6. V_FFV1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3.7. V_MJPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3.8. V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3.9. V_MPEGI/ISO/VVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3.10. V_MPEG1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3.11. V_MPEG2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3.12. V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3.13. V_MPEG4/ISO/AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3.14. V_MPEG4/ISO/ASP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3.15. V_MPEG4/ISO/SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3.16. V_MPEG4/MS/V3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.17. V_MS/VFW/FOURCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.18. V_QUICKTIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3.19. V_PRORES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3.20. V_REAL/RV10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3.21. V_REAL/RV20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3.22. V_REAL/RV30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.23. V_REAL/RV40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.24. V_THEORA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.25. V_UNCOMPRESSED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3.26. V_VP8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.3.27. V_VP9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.4. Audio Codec Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.1. A_AAC/MPEG2/LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.2. A_AAC/MPEG2/LC/SBR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.4.3. A_AAC/MPEG2/MAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.4. A_AAC/MPEG2/SSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.5. A_AAC/MPEG4/LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.6. A_AAC/MPEG4/LC/SBR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.7. A_AAC/MPEG4/LTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4.8. A_AAC/MPEG4/MAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4.9. A_AAC/MPEG4/SSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4.10. A_AC3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4.11. A_AC3/BSID9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4.12. A_AC3/BSID10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4.13. A_ALAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4.14. A_ATRAC/AT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.15. A_DTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.16. A_DTS/EXPRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.17. A_DTS/LOSSLESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.18. A_EAC3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.19. A_FLAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.20. A_MLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.21. A_MPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.22. A_MPEG/L1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.23. A_MPEG/L2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.24. A_MPEG/L3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.25. A_MS/ACM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.26. A_REAL/14_4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.27. A_REAL/28_8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.28. A_REAL/ATRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.29. A_REAL/COOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.30. A_REAL/RALF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.31. A_REAL/SIPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.32. A_OPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.33. A_PCM/FLOAT/IEEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.34. A_PCM/INT/BIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.35. A_PCM/INT/LIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.36. A_QUICKTIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.4.37. A_QUICKTIME/QDMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.38. A_QUICKTIME/QDM2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.39. A_TRUEHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.4.40. A_TTA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.4.41. A_VORBIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.4.42. A_WAVPACK4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.5. Subtitle Codec Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5.1. S_ARIBSUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5.2. S_DVBSUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5.3. S_HDMV/PGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.5.4. S_HDMV/TEXTST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.5. S_KATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.6. S_IMAGE/BMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.7. S_TEXT/ASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5.8. S_TEXT/ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.5.9. S_TEXT/SSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.5.10. S_TEXT/USF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.5.11. S_TEXT/UTF8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.5.12. S_TEXT/WEBVTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.5.13. S_VOBSUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.6. Button Codec Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.6.1. B_VOBBTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.7. Block Addition Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.7.1. Use BlockAddIDValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.7.2. Opaque Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.7.3. ITU T.35 Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.7.4. avcE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.7.5. hvcE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.7.6. dvcC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.7.7. dvvC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.7.8. dvwC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.7.9. mvcC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4. Audio Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.1. WavPack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.1.1. Lossless And Lossy Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.1.1.1. Mono/Stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1.1.2. Multichannel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.1.2. Hybrid Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.1.2.1. Mono/Stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.1.2.2. Multichannel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5. Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.1. Images Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.2. SRT Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.3. SSA/ASS Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.4. WebVTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.4.1. Track Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.4.2. Storage of non-global WebVTT blocks . . . . . . . . . 48 5.4.3. Storage of Cues in Matroska blocks . . . . . . . . . 48 5.4.4. BlockAdditions: storing non-global WebVTT blocks, Cue Settings Lists and Cue identifiers . . . . . . . . . 48 5.4.5. Examples of transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.4.5.1. Example WebVTT file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.4.5.2. Example of CodecPrivate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.4.5.3. Storage of Cue 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.4.5.4. Storage of Cue 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.4.5.5. Storage of Cue 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.4.5.6. Storage of Cue 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.4.6. Storage of WebVTT in Matroska vs. WebM . . . . . . . 52 5.5. HDMV Presentation Graphics Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.5.1. Track Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.5.2. Matroska Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.6. HDMV Text Subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.6.1. Track Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.6.2. Matroska Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.6.3. Character set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 5.7. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) subtitles . . . . . . . 54 5.7.1. Track Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.7.2. Matroska Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.8. ARIB (ISDB) subtitles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.8.1. Track Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.8.2. Matroska Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 6. Block Additional Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 6.1. SMPTE ST 12-1 Timecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.1.1. Timecode Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6.1.2. BlockAddIDType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6.1.3. BlockAddIDName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6.1.4. BlockAddIDExtraData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 8.1. Matroska Codec IDs Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 8.2. Matroska BlockAdditional Type IDs Registry . . . . . . . 66 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 1. Introduction Matroska is a multimedia container format. It stores interleaved and timestamped audiovisual data using various codecs. To interpret the codec data, a mapping between the way the data is stored in Matroska and how it is understood by such a codec is necessary. This document intends to define this mapping for many commonly used codecs in Matroska. 2. Notation and Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. Codec Mappings A Codec Mapping is a set of attributes to identify, name, and contextualize the format and characteristics of encoded data that can be contained within Matroska Clusters. Each TrackEntry used within Matroska MUST reference a defined Codec Mapping using the CodecID to identify and describe the format of the encoded data in its associated Clusters. This CodecID is a unique Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 registered identifier that represents the encoding stored within the Track. Certain encodings MAY also require some form of codec initialization to provide its decoder with context and technical metadata. The intention behind this list is not to list all existing audio and video codecs, but rather to list those codecs that are currently supported in Matroska and therefore need a well defined CodecID so that all developers supporting Matroska will use the same CodecID. If you feel we missed support for a very important codec, please tell us on our development mailing list (cellar at ietf.org). 3.1. Defining Matroska Codec Support Support for a codec is defined in Matroska with the following values. 3.1.1. Codec ID Each codec supported for storage in Matroska MUST have a unique CodecID. Each CodecID MUST be prefixed with the string from the following table according to the associated type of the codec. All characters of a Codec ID Prefix MUST be capital letters (A-Z) except for the last character of a Codec ID Prefix which MUST be an underscore ("_"). +============+=================+ | Codec Type | Codec ID Prefix | +============+=================+ | Video | "V_" | +------------+-----------------+ | Audio | "A_" | +------------+-----------------+ | Subtitle | "S_" | +------------+-----------------+ | Button | "B_" | +------------+-----------------+ Table 1: Codec ID Prefix by Codec Type Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Each CodecID MUST include a Major Codec ID immediately following the Codec ID Prefix. A Major Codec ID MAY be followed by an OPTIONAL Codec ID Suffix to communicate a refinement of the Major Codec ID. If a Codec ID Suffix is used, then the CodecID MUST include a forward slash ("/") as a separator between the Major Codec ID and the Codec ID Suffix. The Major Codec ID MUST be composed of only capital letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9). The Codec ID Suffix MUST be composed of only capital letters (A-Z), numbers (0-9), underscore ("_"), and forward slash ("/"). The following table provides examples of valid Codec IDs and their components: +==========+==========+===========+===========+=================+ | Codec ID | Major | Separator | Codec ID | Codec ID | | Prefix | Codec ID | | Suffix | | +==========+==========+===========+===========+=================+ | A_ | AAC | / | MPEG2/LC/ | A_AAC/MPEG2/LC/ | | | | | SBR | SBR | +----------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+ | V_ | MPEG4 | / | ISO/ASP | V_MPEG4/ISO/ASP | +----------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+ | V_ | MPEG1 | | | V_MPEG1 | +----------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------------+ Table 2: Codec ID Components 3.1.2. Codec Name Each encoding supported for storage in Matroska MUST have a Codec Name. The Codec Name provides a readable label for the encoding. 3.1.3. Description An optional description for the encoding. This value is only intended for human consumption. 3.1.4. Initialization Each encoding supported for storage in Matroska MUST have a defined Initialization. The Initialization MUST describe the storage of data necessary to initialize the decoder, which MUST be stored within the CodecPrivate element. When the Initialization is updated within a track, then that updated Initialization data MUST be written into the CodecState element of the first Cluster to require it. If the encoding does not require any form of Initialization, then none MUST be used to define the Initialization and the CodecPrivate element SHOULD NOT be written and MUST be ignored. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.1.5. Codec BlockAdditions Additional data that contextualizes or supplements a Block can be stored within the BlockAdditional element of a BlockMore element Section 5.1.3.5.2.1 of [RFC9559]. Each BlockAdditional is coupled with a BlockAddID that identifies the kind of data it contains. A BlockAddID of 1 means the data in the BlockAdditional element are tied to the codec. This BlockAdditional data with a BlockAddID of 1 MAY be passed to the associated decoder alongside the Block content . A codec definition MUST contain a "Codec BlockAdditions" section if the codec can use BlockAdditional data with a BlockAddID of 1. The BlockAddID values are defined in Section 3.7. 3.1.6. Citation Documentation of the associated normative and informative references for the codec is RECOMMENDED. 3.1.7. Superseded By When a Superseded By is set, the specified CodecID value MUST be used instead of the CodecID it's defined for. Files MAY exist with the superseded CodecID and MAY be supported by Matroska Players. 3.2. Recommendations for the Creation of New Codec Mappings Creators of new Codec Mappings to be used in the context of Matroska: * SHOULD assume that all Codec Mappings they create might become standardized, public, commonly deployed, or usable across multiple implementations. * SHOULD employ meaningful values for CodecID and Codec Name that they have reason to believe are currently unused. * SHOULD NOT prefix their CodecID with "X_" or similar constructs. These recommendations are based on Section 3 of [RFC6648]. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.3. Video Codec Mappings All codecs described in this section MUST have a TrackType (Section 5.1.4.1.3 of [RFC9559]) value of "1" for video. The track using these codecs MUST contain a Video element -- EBML Path \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry\Video. Most video codec contain meta information about the data they contain, like encoded width and height, chroma subsampling, etc. Whenever possible these information inside the codec SHOULD be extracted and repeated at the Matroska level with the appropriate element(s) inside the \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry\Video and \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry elements. These values MUST be valid for the whole Segment. 3.3.1. V_AV1 Codec ID: V_AV1 Codec Name: Alliance for Open Media AV1 Video codec Description: Only one Sequence Header OBU, as defined in section 6.4 of [AV1], is supported per Matroska Segment. Each Block contains one Temporal Unit containing one or more OBUs. Each OBU stored in the Block MUST contain its header and its payload. The OBUs in the Block follow the Low Overhead Bitstream Format syntax. They MUST have the obu_has_size_field set to 1 except for the last OBU in the frame, for which obu_has_size_field MAY be set to 0, in which case it is assumed to fill the remainder of the frame. A SimpleBlock MUST NOT be marked as a Keyframe if it doesn't contain a Frame OBU. A SimpleBlock MUST NOT be marked as a Keyframe if the first Frame OBU doesn't have a frame_type of KEY_FRAME. A SimpleBlock MUST NOT be marked as a Keyframe if it doesn't contains a Sequence Header OBU. A Block inside a BlockGroup MUST use ReferenceBlock elements if the first Frame OBU in the Block has a frame_type other than KEY_FRAME. A Block inside a BlockGroup MUST use ReferenceBlock elements if the Block doesn't contain a Sequence Header OBU. A Block with frame_header_obu where the frame_type is INTRA_ONLY_FRAME MUST use a ReferenceBlock with a value of 0 to reference itself. Initialization: The CodecPrivate consists of the AV1CodecConfigurationRecord described in section 2.3 of [AV1-ISOBMFF]. PixelWidth: MUST be max_frame_width_minus_1+1 of the Sequence Header OBU. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 PixelHeight: MUST be max_frame_height_minus_1+1 of the Sequence Header OBU. 3.3.2. V_AVS2 Codec ID: V_AVS2 Codec Name: AVS2-P2/IEEE.1857.4 Description: Individual pictures of AVS2-P2 stored as described in the second part of [IEEE.1857-4]. Initialization: none. 3.3.3. V_AVS3 Codec ID: V_AVS3 Codec Name: AVS3-P2/IEEE.1857.10 Description: Individual pictures of AVS3-P2 stored as described in the second part of [IEEE.1857-10]. Initialization: none. 3.3.4. V_CAVS Codec ID: V_CAVS Codec Name: AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile Description: Individual pictures of AVS1-P2 stored as described in [IEEE.1857-3]. 3.3.5. V_DIRAC Codec ID: V_DIRAC Codec Name: BBC Dirac Description: A video codec developed by the BBC [Dirac]. The Intra- only version of Dirac, also known as Dirac Pro, resulted in SMPTE VC-2 [SMPTE.ST2042-1]. Each Matroska frame corresponds to a Sequence as defined in [Dirac]. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.3.6. V_FFV1 Codec ID: V_FFV1 Codec Name: FF Video Codec 1 Description: FFV1 is a lossless intra-frame video encoding format designed to efficiently compress video data in a variety of pixel formats. Compared to uncompressed video, FFV1 offers storage compression, frame fixity, and self-description, which makes FFV1 useful as a preservation or intermediate video format. [RFC9043] Initialization: For FFV1 versions 0 or 1, CodecPrivate SHOULD NOT be written. For FFV1 version 3 or greater, the CodecPrivate MUST contain the FFV1 Configuration Record structure, as defined in Section 4.3 of [RFC9043], and no other data. 3.3.7. V_MJPEG Codec ID: V_MJPEG Codec Name: Motion JPEG Description: Motion JPEG is a video compression format in which each video frame or interlaced field is compressed separately as a [JPEG] image. 3.3.8. V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC Codec ID: V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC Codec Name: HEVC/H.265 Description: Individual pictures (which could be a frame, a field, or 2 fields having the same timestamp) of HEVC/H.265 stored as described in [ISO.14496-15]. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a HEVCDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [ISO.14496-15]. 3.3.9. V_MPEGI/ISO/VVC Codec ID: V_MPEGI/ISO/VVC Codec Name: VVC/H.266 Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Description: Individual pictures (which could be a frame, a field, or 2 fields having the same timestamp) of VVC/H.266 stored as described in [ISO.14496-15]. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a VVCDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [ISO.14496-15]. 3.3.10. V_MPEG1 Codec ID: V_MPEG1 Codec Name: MPEG 1 Description: Frames correspond to a Video Sequence as defined in [ISO.11172-2]. Initialization: none 3.3.11. V_MPEG2 Codec ID: V_MPEG2 Codec Name: MPEG 2 Description: Frames correspond to a Video Sequence as defined in [ISO.13818-2]. Initialization: none 3.3.12. V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC Codec ID: V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC Codec Name: AVC/H.264 Description: Individual pictures (which could be a frame, a field, or 2 fields having the same timestamp) of AVC/H.264 stored as described in [ISO.14496-15]. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a AVCDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [ISO.14496-15]. For legacy reasons, because Block Additional Mappings are preferred; see Section 3.7, the AVCDecoderConfigurationRecord structure MAY be followed by an extension block beginning with a 4-byte extension block size field in big-endian byte order which is the size of the extension block minus 4 (excluding the size of the extension block size field) and a 4-byte Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 field corresponding to a BlockAddIDType of "mvcC" followed by a content corresponding to the content of BlockAddIDExtraData for mvcC; see Section 3.7.9. 3.3.13. V_MPEG4/ISO/AP Codec ID: V_MPEG4/ISO/AP Codec Name: MPEG4 ISO Advanced Profile Description: Frames correspond to frames defined in [ISO.14496-2]. Stream was created via improved codec API (UCI) or transmuxed from MP4, not simply transmuxed from AVI. Note there are differences how b-frames are handled in these original streams, when being compared to a VfW created stream, as here there are no dummy frames inserted, same as in MP4 streams. Initialization: none 3.3.14. V_MPEG4/ISO/ASP Codec ID: V_MPEG4/ISO/ASP Codec Name: MPEG4 ISO Advanced Simple Profile (DivX5, XviD) Description: Frames correspond to frames defined in [ISO.14496-2]. Stream was created via improved codec API (UCI) or transmuxed from MP4, not simply transmuxed from AVI. Note there are differences how b-frames are handled in these original streams, when being compared to a VfW created stream, as here there are no dummy frames inserted, same as in MP4 streams. Initialization: none 3.3.15. V_MPEG4/ISO/SP Codec ID: V_MPEG4/ISO/SP Codec Name: MPEG4 ISO Simple Profile (DivX4) Description: Frames correspond to frames defined in [ISO.14496-2]. Stream was created via improved codec API (UCI) or even transmuxed from AVI (no b-frames in Simple Profile). Initialization: none Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.3.16. V_MPEG4/MS/V3 Codec ID: V_MPEG4/MS/V3 Codec Name: Microsoft MPEG4 V3 Description: Microsoft MPEG4 V3 and derivates, means DivX3, Angelpotion, SMR, etc.; stream was created using VfW codec or transmuxed from AVI; note that V1/V2 are covered in VfW compatibility mode. Initialization: none 3.3.17. V_MS/VFW/FOURCC Codec ID: V_MS/VFW/FOURCC Codec Name: Microsoft Video Codec Manager (VCM) Description: The CodecPrivate contains the VCM structure BITMAPINFOHEADER including the extra private bytes, as defined in [BITMAPINFOHEADER]. The data are stored in little-endian format (like on IA32 machines). Where is the Huffman table stored in HuffYUV, not AVISTREAMINFO ??? And the FourCC, not in AVISTREAMINFO.fccHandler ??? Initialization: CodecPrivate contains the VCM structure BITMAPINFOHEADER including the extra private bytes, as defined by Microsoft in [BITMAPINFOHEADER]. 3.3.18. V_QUICKTIME Codec ID: V_QUICKTIME Codec Name: Video taken from QuickTime files Description: Several codecs as stored in QuickTime (e.g., Sorenson or Cinepak). Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains all additional data that is stored in the 'stsd' (sample description) atom in the QuickTime file *after* the mandatory video descriptor structure (starting with the size and FourCC fields). For an explanation of the QuickTime file format read [QTFF]. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.3.19. V_PRORES Codec ID: V_PRORES Codec Name: Apple ProRes Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the FourCC as found in MP4 movies: * ap4x: ProRes 4444 XQ * ap4h: ProRes 4444 * apch: ProRes 422 High Quality * apcn: ProRes 422 Standard Definition * apcs: ProRes 422 LT * apco: ProRes 422 Proxy * aprh: ProRes RAW High Quality * aprn: ProRes RAW Standard Definition ProRes is defined as [SMPTE.RDD36]. 3.3.20. V_REAL/RV10 Codec ID: V_REAL/RV10 Codec Name: RealVideo 1.0 aka RealVideo 5 Description: Individual slices from the Real container are combined into a single frame. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a real_video_props_t structure in big-endian byte order as found in [librmff]. 3.3.21. V_REAL/RV20 Codec ID: V_REAL/RV20 Codec Name: RealVideo G2 and RealVideo G2+SVT Description: Individual slices from the Real container are combined into a single frame. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a real_video_props_t structure in big-endian byte order as found in [librmff]. 3.3.22. V_REAL/RV30 Codec ID: V_REAL/RV30 Codec Name: RealVideo 8 Description: Individual slices from the Real container are combined into a single frame. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a real_video_props_t structure in big-endian byte order as found in [librmff]. 3.3.23. V_REAL/RV40 Codec ID: V_REAL/RV40 Codec Name: rv40 : RealVideo 9 Description: Individual slices from the Real container are combined into a single frame. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains a real_video_props_t structure in big-endian byte order as found in [librmff]. 3.3.24. V_THEORA Codec ID: V_THEORA Codec Name: Theora Description: Frames correspond to a Theora Frame as defined in [Theora]. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the first three Theora packets in order. The lengths of the packets precedes them. The actual layout is: * Byte 1: number of distinct packets #p minus one inside the CodecPrivate block. This MUST be "2" for current (as of 2016-07-08) Theora headers. * Bytes 2..n: lengths of the first #p packets, coded in Xiph-style lacing. The length of the last packet is the length of the CodecPrivate block minus the lengths coded in these bytes minus one. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 * Bytes n+1..: The Theora identification header, followed by the commend header followed by the codec setup header. Those are described in the [Theora]. 3.3.25. V_UNCOMPRESSED Codec ID: V_UNCOMPRESSED Codec Name: Video, raw uncompressed video frames Description: All details about the used color specs and bit depth are to be put/read from the TrackEntry\Video\UncompressedFourCC elements. Initialization: none 3.3.26. V_VP8 Codec ID: V_VP8 Codec Name: VP8 Codec format Description: VP8 is an open and royalty free video compression format developed by Google and created by On2 Technologies as a successor to VP7. [RFC6386] Codec BlockAdditions: A single-channel encoding of an alpha channel MAY be stored in BlockAdditions. The BlockAddID of the BlockMore containing these data MUST be 1. Initialization: none 3.3.27. V_VP9 Codec ID: V_VP9 Codec Name: VP9 Codec format Description: VP9 is an open and royalty free video compression format developed by Google as a successor to VP8. [VP9] Codec BlockAdditions: A single-channel encoding of an alpha channel MAY be stored in BlockAdditions. The BlockAddID of the BlockMore containing these data MUST be 1. Initialization: The CodecPrivate SHOULD contain a list of specific VP9 codec features as described in the "VP9 Codec Feature Metadata" section of [WebMContainer]. This piece of data helps to select a decoder on playback, but as many muxers don't provide the Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 CodecPrivate for "V_VP9" it's not a hard requirement. It is possible for the decoder to reconstruct the "VP9 Codec Feature Metadata" from the first frame in case the CodecPrivate is not present. Note that the format differs from the VPCodecConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [VP-ISOBMFF]. 3.4. Audio Codec Mappings All codecs described in this section MUST have a TrackType (Section 5.1.4.1.3 of [RFC9559]) value of "2" for audio. The track using these codecs MUST contain an Audio element -- EBML Path \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry\Audio. Most audio codec contain meta information about the data they contain, like encoded sampling frequency, channel count, etc. Whenever possible these information inside the codec SHOULD be extracted and repeated at the Matroska level with the appropriate element(s) inside the \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry\Audio and \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry elements. These values MUST be valid for the whole Segment. 3.4.1. A_AAC/MPEG2/LC Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG2/LC Codec Name: Low Complexity Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.2. A_AAC/MPEG2/LC/SBR Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG2/LC/SBR Codec Name: Low Complexity with Spectral Band Replication Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 18] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.3. A_AAC/MPEG2/MAIN Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG2/MAIN Codec Name: MPEG2 Main Profile Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.4. A_AAC/MPEG2/SSR Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG2/SSR Codec Name: Scalable Sampling Rate Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.5. A_AAC/MPEG4/LC Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG4/LC Codec Name: Low Complexity Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.6. A_AAC/MPEG4/LC/SBR Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG4/LC/SBR Codec Name: Low Complexity with Spectral Band Replication Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 19] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.7. A_AAC/MPEG4/LTP Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG4/LTP Codec Name: Long Term Prediction Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.8. A_AAC/MPEG4/MAIN Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG4/MAIN Codec Name: MPEG4 Main Profile Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.9. A_AAC/MPEG4/SSR Codec ID: A_AAC/MPEG4/SSR Codec Name: Scalable Sampling Rate Description: Channel number and sample rate have to be read from the corresponding audio element. Audio stream is stripped from ADTS headers and normal Matroska frame based muxing scheme is applied. Initialization: none 3.4.10. A_AC3 Codec ID: A_AC3 Codec Name: Dolby Digital / AC-3 Description: Individual frames of AC-3 syncframe() stored as described in [ATSC.A52] or [ETSI.TS102-366] when the value of the bsid field defined in Section 5.4.2.1 of [ATSC.A52] or Section 4.4.2.1 of [ETSI.TS102-366] is 10 or below. Channel number have to be read from the corresponding audio element Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 20] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.11. A_AC3/BSID9 Codec ID: A_AC3/BSID9 Codec Name: Dolby Digital / AC-3 Description: Individual frames of AC-3 syncframe() stored as described in [ATSC.A52] or [ETSI.TS102-366] when the value of the bsid field defined in Section 5.4.2.1 of [ATSC.A52] or Section 4.4.2.1 of [ETSI.TS102-366] is 9. Note that the value 9 in the bsid field is not standard but it is defacto used for dividing the sampling rate defined in Section 5.4.1.3 of [ATSC.A52] or Section 4.4.2.1 of [ETSI.TS102-366] by 2. Using this Codec ID is NOT RECOMMENDED as many Matroska Players don't support it. The generic A_AC3 Codec ID should be used instead as it supports a bsid of 9 as well. Initialization: none 3.4.12. A_AC3/BSID10 Codec ID: A_AC3/BSID10 Codec Name: Dolby Digital / AC-3 Description: Individual frames of AC-3 syncframe() stored as described in [ATSC.A52] or [ETSI.TS102-366] when the value of the bsid field defined in Section 5.4.2.1 of [ATSC.A52] or Section 4.4.2.1 of [ETSI.TS102-366] is 10. Note that the value 10 in the bsid field is not standard but it is defacto used for dividing the sampling rate defined in Section 5.4.1.3 of [ATSC.A52] or Section 4.4.2.1 of [ETSI.TS102-366] by 4. Using this Codec ID is NOT RECOMMENDED as many Matroska Players don't support it. The generic A_AC3 Codec ID should be used instead as it supports a bsid of 10 as well. Initialization: none 3.4.13. A_ALAC Codec ID: A_ALAC Codec Name: ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 21] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains ALAC's magic cookie (both the codec specific configuration as well as the optional channel layout information). Its format is described in the "Magic Cookie" defined in [ALAC]. 3.4.14. A_ATRAC/AT1 Codec ID: A_ATRAC/AT1 Codec Name: Sony ATRAC1 Codec Description: The original ATRAC codec by Sony, mainly used in MiniDisc platforms. The core technical details on ATRAC1 can be found in [AtracAES]. An example encoder/decoder can be found at [atracdenc]. Initialization: None 3.4.15. A_DTS Codec ID: A_DTS Codec Name: Digital Theatre System Description: Supports DTS, DTS-ES, DTS-96/26, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio and DTS-HD Master Audio. It corresponds to the base codec defined in [ETSI.TS102-114]. Initialization: none 3.4.16. A_DTS/EXPRESS Codec ID: A_DTS/EXPRESS Codec Name: Digital Theatre System Express Description: DTS Express (a.k.a. LBR) audio streams. It corresponds to the LBR extension of the DTS codec defined in section 9 of [ETSI.TS102-114]. Initialization: none 3.4.17. A_DTS/LOSSLESS Codec ID: A_DTS/LOSSLESS Codec Name: Digital Theatre System Lossless Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 22] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Description: DTS Lossless audio that does not have a core substream. It corresponds to the Lossless extension (XLL) of the DTS codec defined in section 8 of [ETSI.TS102-114]. Initialization: none 3.4.18. A_EAC3 Codec ID: A_EAC3 Codec Name: Dolby Digital Plus / E-AC-3 Description: Individual frames of E-AC-3 syncframe() stored as described in [ATSC.A52] or [ETSI.TS102-366] when the value of the bsid field defined in Annex E Section 2.1 of [ATSC.A52] or Section E.1.3.1.6 of [ETSI.TS102-366] is 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16. 3.4.19. A_FLAC Codec ID: A_FLAC Codec Name: FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains all the header/metadata packets before the first data packet as defined in [I-D.ietf-cellar-flac]. These include the first header packet containing only the word fLaC as well as all metadata packets. 3.4.20. A_MLP Codec ID: A_MLP Codec Name: Meridian Lossless Packing / MLP Description: A lossless audio codec used in DVD-Audio discs. The format is similar to Dolby TrueHD (Section 3.4.39) but with less channels. 3.4.21. A_MPC Codec ID: A_MPC Codec Name: MPC (musepack) SV8 Description: The main developer for musepack has requested that we wait until the SV8 framing has been fully defined for musepack before defining how to store it in Matroska. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 23] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.22. A_MPEG/L1 Codec ID: A_MPEG/L1 Codec Name: MPEG Audio 1, 2 Layer I Description: Frames correspond to Audio Frames of a Layer I bitstream as defined in [ISO.11172-3]. Initialization: none 3.4.23. A_MPEG/L2 Codec ID: A_MPEG/L2 Codec Name: MPEG Audio 1, 2 Layer II Description: Frames correspond to Audio Frames of a Layer II bitstream as defined in [ISO.11172-3]. Initialization: none 3.4.24. A_MPEG/L3 Codec ID: A_MPEG/L3 Codec Name: MPEG Audio 1, 2, 2.5 Layer III Description: Frames correspond to Audio Frames of a Layer III bitstream as defined in [ISO.11172-3]. Initialization: none 3.4.25. A_MS/ACM Codec ID: A_MS/ACM Codec Name: Microsoft Audio Codec Manager (ACM) Description: The data are stored in little-endian format (like on IA32 machines). Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the [WAVEFORMATEX] structure including the extra format information bytes. The structure is stored without packing or padding bytes. A WORD corresponds to a signed 2 octets integer, DWORD corresponds to a signed 4 octets integer. The extra format information are appended after the WAVEFORMATEX octets. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 24] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.26. A_REAL/14_4 Codec ID: A_REAL/14_4 Codec Name: Real Audio 1 Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.27. A_REAL/28_8 Codec ID: A_REAL/28_8 Codec Name: Real Audio 2 Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.28. A_REAL/ATRC Codec ID: A_REAL/ATRC Codec Name: Sony Atrac3 Codec Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.29. A_REAL/COOK Codec ID: A_REAL/COOK Codec Name: Real Audio Cook Codec (codename: Gecko) Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.30. A_REAL/RALF Codec ID: A_REAL/RALF Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 25] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Codec Name: Real Audio Lossless Format Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.31. A_REAL/SIPR Codec ID: A_REAL/SIPR Codec Name: Sipro Voice Codec Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains either the "real_audio_v4_props_t" or the "real_audio_v5_props_t" structure (differentiated by their "version" field; big-endian byte order) as found in [librmff]. 3.4.32. A_OPUS Codec ID: A_OPUS Codec Name: Opus interactive speech and audio codec Description: The OPUS audio codec defined by [RFC6716] using a similar encapsulation as the Ogg Encapsulation [RFC7845]. Initialization: The track CodecPrivate MUST be present and contain the Identification Header defined in Section 5.1 of [RFC7845]. Channels: The track Channels element value MUST be the "Output Channel Count" value of the Identification Header. SamplingFrequency: The track SamplingFrequency element value MUST be the "Input Sample Rate" value of the Identification Header. CodecDelay: The track CodecDelay element MUST be present and set to the "Pre-skip" value of the Identification Header translated to Matroska Ticks. The "Pre-skip" value is in samples at 48,000 Hz. The formula to get the CodecDelay is: CodecDelay = pre-skip * 1,000,000,000 / 48,000. SeekPreRoll: The track SeekPreRoll element SHOULD be present and set to 80,000,000 -- 80 ms in Matroska Ticks -- in order to ensure that the output audio is correct by the time it reaches the seek target. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 26] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.33. A_PCM/FLOAT/IEEE Codec ID: A_PCM/FLOAT/IEEE Codec Name: Floating-Point, IEEE compatible Description: The audio bit depth MUST be read and set from the BitDepth element (32 bits in most cases). The floats are stored as defined in [IEEE.754] and in little-endian order. Initialization: none 3.4.34. A_PCM/INT/BIG Codec ID: A_PCM/INT/BIG Codec Name: PCM Integer Big Endian Description: The audio bit depth MUST be read and set from the BitDepth element. Audio samples MUST be considered as signed values, except if the audio bit depth is 8 which MUST be interpreted as unsigned values. Initialization: none 3.4.35. A_PCM/INT/LIT Codec ID: A_PCM/INT/LIT Codec Name: PCM Integer Little Endian Description: The audio bit depth MUST be read and set from the BitDepth element. Audio samples MUST be considered as signed values, except if the audio bit depth is 8 which MUST be interpreted as unsigned values. Initialization: none 3.4.36. A_QUICKTIME Codec ID: A_QUICKTIME Codec Name: Audio taken from QuickTime files Description: Several codecs as stored in QuickTime (e.g., QDesign Music v1 or v2). Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 27] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains all additional data that is stored in the 'stsd' (sample description) atom in the QuickTime file *after* the mandatory sound descriptor structure (starting with the size and FourCC fields). For an explanation of the QuickTime file format read [QTFF]. 3.4.37. A_QUICKTIME/QDMC Codec ID: A_QUICKTIME/QDMC Codec Name: QDesign Music Description: Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains all additional data that is stored in the 'stsd' (sample description) atom in the QuickTime file *after* the mandatory sound descriptor structure (starting with the size and FourCC fields). For an explanation of the QuickTime file format read [QTFF]. Superseded By: A_QUICKTIME (Section 3.4.36) 3.4.38. A_QUICKTIME/QDM2 Codec ID: A_QUICKTIME/QDM2 Codec Name: QDesign Music v2 Description: Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains all additional data that is stored in the 'stsd' (sample description) atom in the QuickTime file *after* the mandatory sound descriptor structure (starting with the size and FourCC fields). For an explanation of the QuickTime file format read [QTFF]. Superseded By: A_QUICKTIME (Section 3.4.36) 3.4.39. A_TRUEHD Codec ID: A_TRUEHD Codec Name: Dolby TrueHD Description: Lossless audio codec from Dolby. Each Matroska frame corresponds to a single Access Unit as defined in [TRUEHD]. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 28] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.4.40. A_TTA1 Codec ID: A_TTA1 Codec Name: The True Audio lossless audio compressor Description: The format is described in [TTA]. Each frame is kept intact, including the CRC32. The header and seektable are dropped. SamplingFrequency, Channels and BitDepth are used in the TrackEntry. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the TTA Header Structure, as defined in [TTA]. 3.4.41. A_VORBIS Codec ID: A_VORBIS Codec Name: Vorbis Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the first three Vorbis packet in order. The lengths of the packets precedes them. The actual layout is: * Byte 1: number of distinct packets #p minus one inside the CodecPrivate block. This MUST be "2" for current (as of 2016-07-08) Vorbis headers. * Bytes 2..n: lengths of the first #p packets, coded in Xiph-style lacing. The length of the last packet is the length of the CodecPrivate block minus the lengths coded in these bytes minus one. * Bytes n+1..: The "Identification Header" as defined in Section 4.2.2 of [VORBIS], followed by the "Comment Header" as defined in Section 5 of [VORBIS], followed by the "Setup Header" as defined in Section 4.2.4 of [VORBIS]. 3.4.42. A_WAVPACK4 Codec ID: A_WAVPACK4 Codec Name: WavPack lossless audio compressor Description: The WavPack packets consist of a block defined in [WAVPACK] with a WavpackHeader header. For multichannel (> 2 channels) a frame consists of many packets. For more details, check the WavPack muxing description Section 4.1. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 29] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Codec BlockAdditions: For hybrid A_WAVPACK4 encodings (that include a lossy encoding with a supplemental correction to produce a lossless encoding), the correction part is stored in BlockAdditional. The BlockAddID of the BlockMore containing these data MUST be 1. Initialization: The CodecPrivate contains the version 16-bit integer from the WavpackHeader of [WAVPACK] stored in little-endian. 3.5. Subtitle Codec Mappings All codecs described in this section MUST have a TrackType (Section 5.1.4.1.3 of [RFC9559]) value of "17" for subtitles. Subtitle codec often contain meta information about the data they contain, like expected output dimension, language, etc. Whenever possible these information inside the codec SHOULD be extracted and repeated at the Matroska level with the appropriate element(s) inside the \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry\Video and \Segment\Tracks\TrackEntry elements. These values MUST be valid for the whole Segment. 3.5.1. S_ARIBSUB Codec ID: S_ARIBSUB Codec Name: ARIB STD-B24 subtitles Description: This is the textual subtitle format used in the ISDB/ ARIB broadcasting standard. For more information see Section 5.8 on ARIB (ISDB) subtitles. 3.5.2. S_DVBSUB Codec ID: S_DVBSUB Codec Name: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) subtitles Description: This is the graphical subtitle format used in the Digital Video Broadcasting standard. For more information see Section 5.7 on Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB). 3.5.3. S_HDMV/PGS Codec ID: S_HDMV/PGS Codec Name: HDMV presentation graphics subtitles (PGS) Description: This is the graphical subtitle format used on Blu-rays. For more information, see Section 5.6 on HDMV text presentation. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 30] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.5.4. S_HDMV/TEXTST Codec ID: S_HDMV/TEXTST Codec Name: HDMV text subtitles Description: This is the textual subtitle format used on Blu-rays. For more information, see Section 5.5 on HDMV graphics presentation. 3.5.5. S_KATE Codec ID: S_KATE Codec Name: Karaoke And Text Encapsulation Description: A subtitle format developed for ogg. The mapping for Matroska is described on the "Matroska mapping" section of [OggKate]. Kate headers are stored in the CodecPrivate as xiph-laced packets. The length of the last packet isn't encoded, it is deduced from the sizes of the other packets and the total size of the CodecPrivate. 3.5.6. S_IMAGE/BMP Codec ID: S_IMAGE/BMP Codec Name: Bitmap Description: Basic image based subtitle format; The subtitles are stored as images, like in the DVD [DVD-Video]. The timestamp in the block header of Matroska indicates the start display time, the duration is set with the BlockDuration element. The full data for the subtitle bitmap is stored in the Block's data section. 3.5.7. S_TEXT/ASS Codec ID: S_TEXT/ASS Codec Name: Advanced SubStation Alpha Format Description: Each event is stored in its own Block. For more information see Section 5.3 on SSA/ASS. This codec ID MUST be used when "ScriptType: v4.00+" or "[V4+ Styles]" sections are found in the original SSA script. The codec MAY also be found with the Codec ID S_ASS, but using that value is NOT RECOMMENDED. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 31] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Initialization: The "[Script Info]" and "[V4 Styles]" sections are stored in the CodecPrivate. 3.5.8. S_TEXT/ASCII Codec ID: S_TEXT/ASCII Codec Name: ASCII Plain Text Description: Basic text subtitles with only ASCII characters allowed. 3.5.9. S_TEXT/SSA Codec ID: S_TEXT/SSA Codec Name: SubStation Alpha Format Description: Each event is stored in its own Block. For more information see Section 5.3 on SSA/ASS. This codec ID MUST NOT be used when "ScriptType: v4.00+" or "[V4+ Styles]" sections are found in the original SSA script. The codec MAY also be found with the Codec ID S_SSA, but using that value is NOT RECOMMENDED. Initialization: The "[Script Info]" and "[V4+ Styles]" sections are stored in the CodecPrivate. 3.5.10. S_TEXT/USF Codec ID: S_TEXT/USF Codec Name: Universal Subtitle Format Description: An XML based subtitle format. Each BlockGroup contains XML data from a "subtitle" XML element as defined in section 3.4 of [USF], without the "subtitle" element itself and with the start, stop duration mapped to the BlockGroup timestamp and BlockDuration element. The "image" XML elements are turned into Matroska attachments and replaced in the stream with their attachment filename. Initialization: The CodecPrivate element MAY be present. If present it MAY contains "metadata", "styles" and "effects" XML elements usable in the whole stream inside a parent "USFSubtitles" XML parent element, similar to the "USFSubtitles" element of a standalone USF file but without the "subtitles" XML element. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 32] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.5.11. S_TEXT/UTF8 Codec ID: S_TEXT/UTF8 Codec Name: UTF-8 Plain Text Description: Basic text subtitles. For more information see Section 5 on Subtitles. 3.5.12. S_TEXT/WEBVTT Codec ID: S_TEXT/WEBVTT Codec Name: Web Video Text Tracks Format (WebVTT) Description: Advanced text subtitles. For more information see Section 5.4 on WebVTT. 3.5.13. S_VOBSUB Codec ID: S_VOBSUB Codec Name: VobSub subtitles Description: The same subtitle format used on DVDs [DVD-Video]. Supported is only format version 7 and newer. VobSubs consist of two files, the .idx containing information, and the .sub, containing the actual data. The .idx file is stripped of all empty lines, of all comments and of lines beginning with alt: or langidx:. The line beginning with id: SHOULD be transformed into the appropriate Matroska track language element and is discarded. All remaining lines but the ones containing timestamps and file positions are put into the CodecPrivate element. For each line containing the timestamp and file position data is read from the appropriate position in the .sub file. This data consists of a MPEG program stream which in turn contains SPU packets. The MPEG program stream data is discarded, and each SPU packet is put into one Matroska frame. 3.6. Button Codec Mappings All codecs described in this section MUST have a TrackType (Section 5.1.4.1.3 of [RFC9559]) value of "18" for buttons. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 33] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.6.1. B_VOBBTN Codec ID: B_VOBBTN Codec Name: VobBtn Buttons Description: Based on MPEG/VOB PCI packets. The frame contains a header consisting of the string "butonDVD" followed by the width and height in pixels (16-bit unsigned integer each) and 4 reserved bytes. The rest is a full PCI packet described in [DVD-Info.PCI]. 3.7. Block Addition Mappings Registered BlockAddIDType are: 3.7.1. Use BlockAddIDValue Block type identifier: 0 Block type name: Use BlockAddIDValue Description: This value indicates that the actual type is stored in BlockAddIDValue instead. This value is expected to be used when it is important to have a strong compatibility with players or derived formats not supporting BlockAdditionMapping but using BlockAdditions with an unknown BlockAddIDValue, and SHOULD NOT be used if it is possible to use another value. 3.7.2. Opaque Data Block type identifier: 1 Block type name: Opaque data Description: the BlockAdditional data is interpreted as opaque additional data passed to the codec with the Block data. The usage of these BlockAdditional data is defined in the "Codec BlockAdditions" section of the codec; see Section 3.1.5. 3.7.3. ITU T.35 Metadata Block type identifier: 4 Block type name: ITU T.35 metadata Description: the BlockAdditional data is interpreted as ITU T.35 metadata, as defined by [ITU-T.35] terminal codes. BlockAddIDValue MUST be 4. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 34] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 3.7.4. avcE Block type identifier: 0x61766345 Block type name: Dolby Vision enhancement-layer AVC configuration Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as the Dolby Vision enhancement-layer AVC configuration box as described in [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF]. This extension MUST NOT be used if CodecID is not V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC. 3.7.5. hvcE Block type identifier: 0x68766345 Block type name: Dolby Vision enhancement-layer HEVC configuration Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as the Dolby Vision enhancement-layer HEVC configuration as described in [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF]. This extension MUST NOT be used if CodecID is not V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC. 3.7.6. dvcC Block type identifier: 0x64766343 Block type name: Dolby Vision configuration dvcC Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as DOVIDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF], for Dolby Vision profiles 0 to 7 included. 3.7.7. dvvC Block type identifier: 0x64767643 Block type name: Dolby Vision configuration dvvC Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as DOVIDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF], for Dolby Vision profiles 8 to 10 included and 20. 3.7.8. dvwC Block type identifier: 0x64767743 Block type name: Dolby Vision configuration dvwC Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 35] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as DOVIDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF], for Dolby Vision profiles 11 to 19 included. 3.7.9. mvcC Block type identifier: 0x6D766343 Block type name: MVC configuration Description: the BlockAddIDExtraData data is interpreted as MVCDecoderConfigurationRecord structure, as defined in [ISO.14496-15]. This extension MUST NOT be used if CodecID is not V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC. 4. Audio Codecs 4.1. WavPack WavPack is an audio codec primarily designed for lossless audio, but it can also be used as a lossy codec. [WAVPACK] stores each data in variable length frames. That means each frame can have a different number of samples. Each WavPack block starts with a WavpackHeader header as defined in [WAVPACK], stored in little-endian. To save space and avoid redundant information in Matroska some data from the WavpackHeader header are removed, when saved in Matroska. All the data from the WavpackHeader are kept in little-endian. The CodecPrivate contains the version 16-bit integer from the WavpackHeader of [WAVPACK] stored in little-endian. Depending on the number of audio channels and whether the hybrid mode is kept or not, the storage of WavPack blocks in Matroska differ. 4.1.1. Lossless And Lossy Storage For multichannel files (more than 2 channels, like for 5.1), a frame consists of multiple WavPack blocks. The first one having the INITIAL_BLOCK (bit 11) flag set and the last one the FINAL_BLOCK (bit 12) flag set. For a mono or stereo file, both flags are set in each WavPack block. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 36] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 4.1.1.1. Mono/Stereo A Block or SimpleBlock frame contains the following header with the some fields taken from the WavpackHeader of a single WavPack block followed by the data of that WavPack block. { uint32_t block_samples; // # samples in this block uint32_t flags; // various flags for id and decoding uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data } [ block data ] 4.1.1.2. Multichannel For multichannel files, a WavPack file uses multiple WavPack block to store all channels of a frame. The WavPack blocks for each channels of a frame are stored consecutively into a Matroska Block or SimpleBlock. Each WavPack block is preceded by a header. The header for the first WavPack block is similar to the mono/stereo one (Section 4.1.1.1) with the addition of a "blocksize" field, which is the size of the first WavPack block minus the WavpackHeader size. The header for the following WavPack blocks use the "flags" and "crc" of the WavpackHeader of each respective WavPack block, followed with the size of each respective WavPack block minus the WavpackHeader size. { uint32_t block_samples; // # samples in this block uint32_t flags; // various flags for id and decoding uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ block data # 1 ] { uint32_t flags; // various flags for id and decoding uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ block data # 2 ] { uint32_t flags; // various flags for id and decoding uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ block data # 3 ] ... Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 37] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 4.1.2. Hybrid Storage WavPack has a hybrid mode that splits the audio frames between lossy and correction packets. Adding both gives a lossless version of the original audio. It is possible to only store the lossy part in Matroska or both together. Storing only the lossy part is equivalent to the format described in Section 4.1.1. This section explains how to store all hybrid data in Matroska. Hybrid WavPack is encoded in 2 files. The first one has a lossy part and the second file has the correction part to reconstruct the original audio losslessly. Each WavPack block in the correction file corresponds to a WavPack block in the lossy file with the same number of samples, that's also true for a multichannel file. This means that if a frame is made of 4 WavPack blocks, the correction file will have 4 WavPack blocks in the corresponding frame. The header of the correction WavPack block is exactly the same as in the lossy WavPack block, except for the CRC. In Matroska, the correction part is stored as an additional data available to the Block (see Section 6). This way a file could be remuxed and not keep the Block Additional data and still be usable as a lossy WavPack file. The Block data of the lossy file are stored exactly the same as for lossy storage defined in Section 4.1.1. A BlockAdditionMapping MUST be used for hybrid WavPack TrackEntry'. The BlockAddIDType of that BlockAdditionMapping MUST be set to 1 for hybrid WavPack, corresponding to Opaque data; see Section 3.7.2. Each WavPack frame is stored in a BlockGroup that MUST have at least a BlockMore to hold the correction data. The BlockAddID of that BlockMore MUST be 1, i.e., the default value. 4.1.2.1. Mono/Stereo The BlockAdditional element of the correction data BlockMore contains the following header with the "crc" field from the WavpackHeader of the WavPack block of the correction file matching the WavPack block of the lossy frame used to fill the Block data, followed by the data of that correction file WavPack block. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 38] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 { uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data } [ correction block data ] 4.1.2.2. Multichannel The BlockAdditional element of the correction data BlockMore contains the following header with the data from the each WavpackHeader of the WavPack block of the correction file matching the WavPack block in the lossy file used to fill the Block data, followed by the data of the correction file WavPack block. { uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ correction block data # 1 ] { uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ correction block data # 2 ] { uint32_t crc; // crc for actual decoded data uint32_t blocksize; // size of the data to follow } [ correction block data # 3 ] ... 5. Subtitles Here is a list of pointers for storing subtitles in Matroska: * As a general rule of thumb for all codecs, information that is global to an entire stream SHOULD be stored in the CodecPrivate element. * As subtitles usually come with a start and stop timestamps or a start timestamp and a duration, SimpleBlock is usually not used as it doesn't allow storing the BlockDuration. * Start and stop timestamps that are used in a timestamps original storage format SHOULD be removed when being placed in Matroska as they could interfere if the file is edited afterwards. Instead, the Block's timestamp and BlockDuration SHOULD be used to say when the timestamp is displayed. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 39] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 * Because a "subtitle" stream is actually just an overlay stream, anything with a transparency layer could be use, including video. 5.1. Images Subtitles The first image format that is a goal to import into Matroska is the VobSub subtitle format. This subtitle type is generated by exporting the subtitles from a DVD [DVD-Video]. The requirement for muxing VobSub into Matroska is v7 subtitles (see first line of the .IDX file). If the version is smaller, you must remux them using the SubResync utility from VobSub 2.23 (or MPC) into v7 format. Generally any newly created subs will be in v7 format. The .IFO file will not be used at all. If there is more than one subtitle stream in the VobSub set, each stream will need to be separated into separate tracks for storage in Matroska. E.g. the VobSub file contains streams for both English and German subtitles. Then the resulting Matroska file SHOULD contain two tracks. That way the language information can be dropped and mapped to Matroska's language tags. The .IDX file is reformatted (see below) and placed in the CodecPrivate. Each .BMP will be stored in its own Block. The Timestamp will be stored in the Block timestamp and the duration will be stored in the Default Duration. Here is an example .IDX file: # VobSub index file, v7 (do not modify this line!) # # To repair desynchronization, you can insert gaps this way: # (it usually happens after vob id changes) # # delay: [sign]hh:mm:ss:ms # # Where: # [sign]: +, - (optional) # hh: hours (0 <= hh) # mm/ss: minutes/seconds (0 <= mm/ss <= 59) # ms: milliseconds (0 <= ms <= 999) # # Note: You can't position a sub before the previous with a negative # value. # Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 40] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 # You can also modify timestamps or delete a few subs you don't # like. Just make sure they stay in increasing order. # Settings # Original frame size size: 720x480 # Origin, relative to the upper-left corner, can be overloaded by # alignment org: 0, 0 # Image scaling (hor,ver), origin is at the upper-left corner or at # the alignment coord (x, y) scale: 100%, 100% # Alpha blending alpha: 100% # Smoothing for very blocky images (use OLD for no filtering) smooth: OFF # In millisecs fadein/out: 50, 50 # Force subtitle placement relative to (org.x, org.y) align: OFF at LEFT TOP # For correcting non-progressive desync. (in millisecs or # hh:mm:ss:ms) # Note: Not effective in DirectVobSub, use "delay: ... " instead. time offset: 0 # ON: displays only forced subtitles, OFF: shows everything forced subs: OFF # The original palette of the DVD palette: 000000, 7e7e7e, fbff8b, cb86f1, 7f74b8, e23f06, 0a48ea, \ b3d65a, 6b92f1, 87f087, c02081, f8d0f4, e3c411, 382201, e8840b, \ fdfdfd # Custom colors (transp idxs and the four colors) custom colors: OFF, tridx: 0000, colors: 000000, 000000, 000000, \ 000000 # Language index in use langidx: 0 Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 41] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 # English id: en, index: 0 # Uncomment next line to activate alternative name in DirectVobSub / # Windows Media Player 6.x # alt: English # Vob/Cell ID: 1, 1 (PTS: 0) timestamp: 00:00:01:101, filepos: 000000000 timestamp: 00:00:08:708, filepos: 000001000 First, lines beginning with "#" are removed. These are comments to make text file editing easier, and as this is not a text file, they aren't needed. Next remove the "langidx" and "id" lines. These are used to differentiate the subtitle streams and define the language. As the streams will be stored separately anyway, there is no need to differentiate them here. Also, the language setting will be stored in the Matroska tags, so there is no need to store it here. Finally, the "timestamp" will be used to set the Block's timestamp. Once it is set there, there is no need for it to be stored here. Also, as it may interfere if the file is edited, it SHOULD NOT be stored here. Once all of these items are removed, the data to store in the CodecPrivate SHOULD look like this: size: 720x480 org: 0, 0 scale: 100%, 100% alpha: 100% smooth: OFF fadein/out: 50, 50 align: OFF at LEFT TOP time offset: 0 forced subs: OFF palette: 000000, 7e7e7e, fbff8b, cb86f1, 7f74b8, e23f06, 0a48ea, \ b3d65a, 6b92f1, 87f087, c02081, f8d0f4, e3c411, 382201, e8840b, \ fdfdfd custom colors: OFF, tridx: 0000, colors: 000000, 000000, 000000, \ 000000 There SHOULD also be two Blocks containing one image each with the timestamps "00:00:01:101" and "00:00:08:708". Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 42] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 5.2. SRT Subtitles SRT is perhaps the most basic of all subtitle formats. It consists of four parts, all in text: 1. A number indicating which subtitle it is in the sequence. 2. The time that the subtitle appears on the screen, and then disappears. 3. The subtitle itself. 4. A blank line indicating the start of a new subtitle. When placing SRT in Matroska, part 3 is converted to UTF-8 (S_TEXT/ UTF8) and placed in the data portion of the Block. Part 2 is used to set the timestamp of the Block, and BlockDuration element. Nothing else is used. Here is an example SRT file: 1 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:20,375 Senator, we're making our final approach into Coruscant. 2 00:02:20,476 --> 00:02:22,501 Very good, Lieutenant. In this example, the text "Senator, we're making our final approach into Coruscant." would be converted into UTF-8 and placed in the Block. The timestamp of the block would be set to "00:02:17,440". And the BlockDuration element would be set to "00:00:02,935". The same is repeated for the next subtitle. Because there are no general settings for SRT, the CodecPrivate is left blank. 5.3. SSA/ASS Subtitles SSA stands for Sub Station Alpha. It's the file format used by the popular subtitle editor SubStation Alpha. It allows you to do some advanced display features, like positioning, karaoke, style managements... Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 43] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 For detailed information on SSA/ASS, see the SSA specs [SSA]. It includes an SSA specs description and the advanced features added by ASS format (standing for Advanced SSA). Because SSA and ASS are so similar, they are treated the same here. Like SRT, this format is text based with a particular syntax. A file consists of 4 or 5 parts, declared ala INI file (but it's not an INI !) The first, "[Script Info]" contains some information about the subtitle file, such as it's title, who created it, type of script and a very important one: "PlayResY". Be careful of this value, everything in your script (font size, positioning) is scaled by it. Sub Station Alpha uses your desktops Y resolution to write this value, so if a friend with a large monitor and a high screen resolution gives you an edited script, you can mess everything up by saving the script in SSA with your low-cost monitor. The second, "[V4 Styles]" or "[V4+ Styles]", is a list of style definitions. A style describes how a text will look on the screen. It defines font, font size, primary/.../outile colour, position, alignment, etc. For example, this: Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, \ TertiaryColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, BorderStyle, Outline, \ Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, AlphaLevel, Encoding Style: Wolf main,Wolf_Rain,56,15724527,15724527,15724527,4144959,0,\ 0,1,1,2,2,5,5,30,0,0 The third, "[Events]", is the list of text you want to display at the right timing. You can specify some attribute here. Like the style to use for this event (MUSTbe defined in the list), the position of the text (Left, Right, Vertical Margin), an effect. Name is mostly used by translator to know who said this sentence. Timing is in h:mm:ss.cc (centisec). Format: Marked, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, \ Effect, Text Dialogue: Marked=0,0:02:40.65,0:02:41.79,Wolf main,Cher,0000,0000,\ 0000,,Et les enregistrements de ses ondes delta ? Dialogue: Marked=0,0:02:42.42,0:02:44.15,Wolf main,autre,0000,0000,\ 0000,,Toujours rien. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 44] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 "[Pictures]" or "[Fonts]" part can be found in some SSA file, they contains UUE-encoded pictures/font but those features are only used by Sub Station Alpha -- i.e., no filter (Vobsub/Avery Lee Subtiler filter) use them. Now, how are they stored in Matroska? * All text is converted to UTF-8 * All the headers, "[Script Info]" and the "[V4 Styles]"/"[V4+ Styles]" list, are stored in CodecPrivate. * Start & End field are used to set TimeStamp and the BlockDuration element. the data stored is: * Events are stored in the Block in this order: ReadOrder, Layer, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text (Layer comes from ASS specs ... it's empty for SSA.) "ReadOrder field is needed for the decoder to be able to reorder the streamed samples as they were placed originally in the file." Here is an example of an SSA file. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 45] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [Script Info] ; This is a Sub Station Alpha v4 script. Title: Wolf's rain 2 Original Script: Anime-spirit Ishin-francais Original Translation: Coolman Original Editing: Spikewolfwood Original Timing: Lord_alucard Original Script Checking: Spikewolfwood ScriptType: v4.00 Collisions: Normal PlayResY: 1024 PlayDepth: 0 Wav: 0, 128697,D:\Alex\Anime\- Fansub -\- TAFF -\WR_-_02_Wav.wav Wav: 0, 120692,H:\team truc\WR_-_02.wav Wav: 0, 116504,E:\sub\wolf's_rain\WOLF'S RAIN 02.wav LastWav: 3 Timer: 100,0000 [V4 Styles] Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, \ TertiaryColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, BorderStyle, Outline, \ Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, AlphaLevel, Encoding Style: Default,Arial,20,65535,65535,65535,-2147483640,-1,0,1,3,0,2,\ 30,30,30,0,0 Style: Titre_episode,Akbar,140,15724527,65535,65535,986895,-1,0,1,1,\ 0,3,30,30,30,0,0 Style: Wolf main,Wolf_Rain,56,15724527,15724527,15724527,4144959,0,\ 0,1,1,2,2,5,5,30,0,0 [Events] Format: Marked, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, \ Effect, Text Dialogue: Marked=0,0:02:40.65,0:02:41.79,Wolf main,Cher,0000,0000,\ 0000,,Et les enregistrements de ses ondes delta ? Dialogue: Marked=0,0:02:42.42,0:02:44.15,Wolf main,autre,0000,0000,\ 0000,,Toujours rien. Here is what would be placed into the CodecPrivate element. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 46] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [Script Info] ; This is a Sub Station Alpha v4 script. Title: Wolf's rain 2 Original Script: Anime-spirit Ishin-francais Original Translation: Coolman Original Editing: Spikewolfwood Original Timing: Lord_alucard Original Script Checking: Spikewolfwood ScriptType: v4.00 Collisions: Normal PlayResY: 1024 PlayDepth: 0 Wav: 0, 128697,D:\Alex\Anime\- Fansub -\- TAFF -\WR_-_02_Wav.wav Wav: 0, 120692,H:\team truc\WR_-_02.wav Wav: 0, 116504,E:\sub\wolf's_rain\WOLF'S RAIN 02.wav LastWav: 3 Timer: 100,0000 [V4 Styles] Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, \ TertiaryColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, BorderStyle, Outline, \ Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, AlphaLevel, Encoding Style: Default,Arial,20,65535,65535,65535,-2147483640,-1,0,1,3,0,2,\ 30,30,30,0,0 Style: Titre_episode,Akbar,140,15724527,65535,65535,986895,-1,0,1,1,\ 0,3,30,30,30,0,0 Style: Wolf main,Wolf_Rain,56,15724527,15724527,15724527,4144959,0,\ 0,1,1,2,2,5,5,30,0,0 And here are the two blocks that would be generated. Block's timestamp: 00:02:40.650 BlockDuration: 00:00:01.140 1,,Wolf main,Cher,0000,0000,0000,,Et les enregistrements de ses \ ondes delta ? Block's timestamp: 00:02:42.420 BlockDuration: 00:00:01.730 2,,Wolf main,autre,0000,0000,0000,,Toujours rien. 5.4. WebVTT The "Web Video Text Tracks Format" (short: WebVTT) is developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Its specifications are freely available at [WebVTT]. The guiding principles for the storage of WebVTT in Matroska are: Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 47] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 * Consistency: store data in a similar way to other subtitle codecs * Simplicity: making decoding and remuxing as easy as possible for existing infrastructures * Completeness: keeping as much data as possible from the original WebVTT file 5.4.1. Track Parameters The CodecID to use is S_TEXT/WEBVTT. This CodecPrivate contains all global blocks before the first subtitle entry. This starts at the "WEBVTT" file identification marker but excludes the optional byte order mark. 5.4.2. Storage of non-global WebVTT blocks Non-global WebVTT blocks (e.g., "NOTE") before a WebVTT Cue Text are stored in Matroska's BlockAddition element together with the Matroska Block containing the WebVTT Cue Text these blocks precede (see below for the actual format). 5.4.3. Storage of Cues in Matroska blocks Each WebVTT Cue Text is stored directly in the Matroska Block. A muxer MUST change all WebVTT Cue Timestamps present within the Cue Text to be relative to the Matroska Block's timestamp. The Cue's start timestamp is used as the Matroska Block's timestamp. The difference between the Cue's end timestamp and its start timestamp is used as the Matroska BlockDuration. 5.4.4. BlockAdditions: storing non-global WebVTT blocks, Cue Settings Lists and Cue identifiers Each Matroska Block may be accompanied by one BlockAdditions element. Its format is as follows: 1. The first line contains the WebVTT Cue Text's optional Cue Settings List followed by one line feed character (U+0x000a). The Cue Settings List may be empty, in which case the line consists of the line feed character only. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 48] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 2. The second line contains the WebVTT Cue Text's optional Cue Identifier followed by one line feed character (U+0x000a). The line may be empty indicating that there was no Cue Identifier in the source file, in which case the line consists of the line feed character only. 3. The third and all following lines contain all WebVTT Comment Blocks that precede the current WebVTT Cue Block. These may be absent. If there is no Matroska BlockAddition element stored together with the Matroska Block, then all three components (Cue Settings List, Cue Identifier, Cue Comments) MUST be assumed to be absent. 5.4.5. Examples of transformation Here's an example how a WebVTT is transformed. 5.4.5.1. Example WebVTT file Let's take the following example file: WEBVTT with text after the signature STYLE ::cue { background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, dimgray, lightgray); color: papayawhip; } /* Style blocks cannot use blank lines nor "dash dash greater \ than" */ NOTE comment blocks can be used between style blocks. STYLE ::cue(b) { color: peachpuff; } REGION id:bill width:40% lines:3 regionanchor:0%,100% viewportanchor:10%,90% scroll:up NOTE Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 49] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Notes always span a whole block and can cover multiple lines. Like this one. An empty line ends the block. hello 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:10.000 Example entry 1: Hello <b>world</b>. NOTE style blocks cannot appear after the first cue. 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:35.000 Example entry 2: Another entry. This one has multiple lines. 00:01:03.000 --> 00:01:06.500 position:90% align:right size:35% Example entry 3: That stuff to the right of the timestamps are cue \ settings. 00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:20.000 Example entry 4: Entries can even include timestamps. For example:<00:03:15.000>This becomes visible five seconds after the first part. 5.4.5.2. Example of CodecPrivate The resulting CodecPrivate element will look like this: Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 50] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 WEBVTT with text after the signature STYLE ::cue { background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, dimgray, lightgray); color: papayawhip; } /* Style blocks cannot use blank lines nor "dash dash greater \ than" */ NOTE comment blocks can be used between style blocks. STYLE ::cue(b) { color: peachpuff; } REGION id:bill width:40% lines:3 regionanchor:0%,100% viewportanchor:10%,90% scroll:up NOTE Notes always span a whole block and can cover multiple lines. Like this one. An empty line ends the block. 5.4.5.3. Storage of Cue 1 Example Cue 1: timestamp 00:00:00.000, duration 00:00:10.000, Block's content: Example entry 1: Hello <b>world</b>. BlockAddition's content starts with one empty line as there's no Cue Settings List: hello 5.4.5.4. Storage of Cue 2 Example Cue 2: timestamp 00:00:25.000, duration 00:00:10.000, Block's content: Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 51] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 Example entry 2: Another entry. This one has multiple lines. BlockAddition's content starts with two empty lines as there's neither a Cue Settings List nor a Cue Identifier: NOTE style blocks cannot appear after the first cue. 5.4.5.5. Storage of Cue 3 Example Cue 3: timestamp 00:01:03.000, duration 00:00:03.500, Block's content: Example entry 3: That stuff to the right of the timestamps are cue \ settings. BlockAddition's content ends with an empty line as there's no Cue Identifier and there were no WebVTT Comment blocks: position:90% align:right size:35% 5.4.5.6. Storage of Cue 4 Example Cue 4: timestamp 00:03:10.000, duration 00:00:10.000, Block's content: Example entry 4: Entries can even include timestamps. For example:00:00:05.000 (00:00:05.000)This becomes visible five seconds after the first part. This Block does not need a BlockAddition as the Cue did not contain an Identifier, nor a Settings List, and it wasn't preceded by Comment blocks. 5.4.6. Storage of WebVTT in Matroska vs. WebM Note: the storage of WebVTT in Matroska is not the same as the design document for storage of WebVTT in WebM [WebM-WebVTT]. There are several reasons for this including but not limited to: the WebM document is old (from February 2012) and was based on an earlier draft of WebVTT and ignores several parts that were added to WebVTT later; WebM does still not support subtitles at all [WebMContainer]; the proposal suggests splitting the information across multiple tracks making demuxer's and remuxer's life very difficult. WebM uses the "D_WEBVTT/SUBTITLES", "D_WEBVTT/CAPTIONS", "D_WEBVTT/ DESCRIPTIONS", and "D_WEBVTT/METADATA" CodecID with different tracks depending on the data type and without a CodecPrivate. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 52] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 5.5. HDMV Presentation Graphics Subtitles The specifications for the HDMV Presentation Graphics Subtitle format (short: HDMV PGS) can be found in in section 9.14 "HDMV graphics streams" of the Blu-ray specifications [Blu-ray.Part3]. 5.5.1. Track Parameters The CodecID to use is S_HDMV/PGS. A CodecPrivate element is not used. 5.5.2. Matroska Blocks Each HDMV PGS Segment (short: Segment) will be stored in a Matroska Block. A Segment is the data structure described in section 9.14.2.1 "Segment coding structure and parameters" of the Blu-ray specifications [Blu-ray.Part3]. Each Segment contains a presentation timestamp. This timestamp will be used as the timestamp for the Matroska Block. A Segment is normally shown until a subsequent Segment is encountered. Therefore, the Matroska Block MAY have no Duration. In that case, a player MUST display a Segment within a Matroska Block until the next Segment is encountered. A muxer MAY use a Duration, e.g., by calculating the distance between two subsequent Segments. If a Matroska Block has a Duration, a player MUST display that Segment only for the duration of the BlockDuration. 5.6. HDMV Text Subtitles The specifications for the HDMV Text Subtitle format (short: HDMV TextST) can be found in section 9.15 "HDMV text subtitle streams" of the Blu-ray specifications [Blu-ray.Part3]. 5.6.1. Track Parameters The CodecID to use is S_HDMV/TEXTST. A CodecPrivate element is required. It MUST contain the stream's Dialog Style Segment as described in section 9.15.4.2 "Dialog Style Segment" of the Blu-ray specifications [Blu-ray.Part3]. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 53] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 5.6.2. Matroska Blocks Each HDMV Dialog Presentation Segment (short: Segment) will be stored in a Matroska Block. A Segment is the data structure described in section 9.15.4.3 "Dialog presentation segment" of the Blu-ray specifications [Blu-ray.Part3]. Each Segment contains a start and an end presentation timestamp (short: start PTS & end PTS). The start PTS will be used as the timestamp for the Matroska Block. The Matroska Block MUST have a Duration, and that Duration is the difference between the end PTS and the start PTS. A player MUST use the Matroska Block's timestamp and BlockDuration instead of the Segment's start and end PTS for determining when and how long to show the Segment. 5.6.3. Character set When TextST subtitles are stored inside Matroska, the only allowed character set is UTF-8. Each HDMV text subtitle stream in a Blu-ray can use one of a handful of character sets. This information is not stored in the MPEG2 Transport Stream itself but in the accompanying Clip Information file. Therefore, a muxer MUST parse the accompanying Clip Information file. If the information indicates a character set other than UTF-8, it MUST re-encode all text Dialog Presentation Segments from the indicated character set to UTF-8 prior to storing them in Matroska. 5.7. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) subtitles The specifications for the Digital Video Broadcasting subtitle bitstream format (short: DVB subtitles) can be found in the [ETSI.EN300-743] document. The storage of DVB subtitles in MPEG transport streams is specified in the [ETSI.EN300-468] document. 5.7.1. Track Parameters The CodecID to use is S_DVBSUB. The CodecPrivate element is five bytes long and has the following structure: * 2 bytes: composition page ID (bit string, left bit first) Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 54] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 * 2 bytes: ancillary page ID (bit string, left bit first) * 1 byte: subtitling type (bit string, left bit first) The semantics of these bytes are the same as the ones described in section 6.2.41 "Subtitling descriptor" of [ETSI.EN300-468]. 5.7.2. Matroska Blocks Each Matroska Block consists of one or more DVB Subtitle Segments as described in section 7.2 "Syntax and semantics of the subtitling segment" of [ETSI.EN300-743]. Each Matroska Block SHOULD have a Duration indicating how long the DVB Subtitle Segments in that Block SHOULD be displayed. 5.8. ARIB (ISDB) subtitles The specifications for the ARIB B-24 subtitle bitstream format (short: ARIB subtitles) and its storage in MPEG transport streams can be found in the documents [ARIB.STD-B24], [ARIB.STD-B10], and [ARIB.TR-B14]. 5.8.1. Track Parameters The CodecID to use is S_ARIBSUB. The CodecPrivate element is three bytes long and has the following structure: * 1 byte: component tag (bit string, left bit first) * 2 bytes: data component ID (bit string, left bit first) The semantics of the component tag are the same as those described in [ARIB.STD-B10], part 2, Annex J. The semantics of the data component ID are the same as those described in [ARIB.TR-B14], fascicle 2, Vol. 3, Section 2, 4.2.8.1. 5.8.2. Matroska Blocks Each Matroska Block consists of a single synchronized PES data structure as described in chapter 5 "Independent PES transmission protocol" of [ARIB.STD-B24], volume 3, with a Synchronized_PES_data_byte block containing one or more ISDB Caption Data Groups as described in chapter 9 "Transmission of caption and superimpose" of [ARIB.STD-B24], volume 1, part 3. All of the Caption Statement Data Groups in a given Matroska Track MUST use the same Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 55] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 language index. A Data Group is normally shown until a subsequent Group provides instructions to clear it. Therefore, the Matroska Block SHOULD NOT have a Duration. A player SHOULD display a Data Group within a Matroska Block until its internal duration elapses, or until a subsequent Data Group removes it. 6. Block Additional Mapping Extra data or metadata can be added to each Block using BlockAdditional data. Each BlockAdditional contains a BlockAddID that identifies the kind of data it contains. When the BlockAddID is set to "1" the contents of the BlockAdditional element are defined by the "Codec BlockAdditions" section of the codec; see Section 3.1.5. The following XML depicts the nested elements of a BlockGroup element with an example of BlockAdditions with a BlockAddID of "1": <BlockGroup> <Block>{Binary data of a VP9 video frame in YUV}</Block> <BlockAdditions> <BlockMore> <BlockAddID>1</BlockAddID> <BlockAdditional> {alpha channel encoding to supplement the VP9 frame} </BlockAdditional> </BlockMore> </BlockAdditions> </BlockGroup> When the BlockAddID is set a value greater than "1", then the contents of the BlockAdditional element are defined by the BlockAdditionalMapping element, within the associated TrackEntry element, where the BlockAddID element of BlockAdditional element equals the BlockAddIDValue of the associated TrackEntry's BlockAdditionalMapping element. That BlockAdditionalMapping element identifies a particular Block Additional Mapping by the BlockAddIDType. The values of BlockAddID that are 2 of greater have no semantic meaning, but simply associate the BlockMore element with a BlockAdditionMapping of the associated Track. See Section 6 on Block Additional Mappings for more information. The following XML depicts a use of a Block Additional Mapping to associate a timecode value with a Block: Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 56] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 <Segment> <!--Mandatory elements omitted for readability--> <Tracks> <TrackEntry> <TrackNumber>1</TrackNumber> <TrackUID>568001708</TrackUID> <TrackType>1</TrackType> <BlockAdditionalMapping> <BlockAddIDValue>2</BlockAddIDValue><!--arbitrary value used in BlockAddID--> <BlockAddIDName>timecode</BlockAddIDName> <BlockAddIDType>12</BlockAddIDType> </BlockAdditionalMapping> <CodecID>V_FFV1</CodecID> <Video> <PixelWidth>1920</PixelWidth> <PixelHeight>1080</PixelHeight> </Video> </TrackEntry> </Tracks> <Cluster> <Timestamp>3000</Timestamp> <BlockGroup> <Block>{binary video frame}</Block> <BlockAdditions> <BlockMore> <BlockAddID>2</BlockAddID><!--arbitrary value from BlockAdditionalMapping--> <BlockAdditional>01:00:00:00</BlockAdditional> </BlockMore> </BlockAdditions> </BlockGroup> </Cluster> </Segment> Block Additional Mappings detail how additional data MAY be stored in the BlockMore element with a BlockAdditionMapping element, within the Track element, which identifies the BlockAdditional content. Block Additional Mappings define the BlockAddIDType value reserved to identify that type of data as well as providing an optional label stored within the BlockAddIDName element. When the Block Additional Mapping is dependent on additional contextual information, then the Mapping SHOULD describe how such additional contextual information is stored within the BlockAddIDExtraData element. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 57] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 6.1. SMPTE ST 12-1 Timecode 6.1.1. Timecode Description SMPTE ST 12-1 timecode values can be stored in the BlockMore element to associate the content of a Matroska Block with a particular timecode value. If the Block uses Lacing, the timecode value is associated with the first frame of the Lace. The Block Additional Mapping contains a full binary representation of a 64-bit SMPTE timecode value stored in big-endian format and expressed exactly as defined in Section 8 and 9 of SMPTE 12M [SMPTE.ST12-1]. For convenience, here are the bit assignments for a SMPTE ST 12-1 binary representation as described in Section 6.2 of [RFC5484]: +===============+========================+ | Bit Positions | Label | +===============+========================+ | 0--3 | Units of frames | +---------------+------------------------+ | 4--7 | First binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 8--9 | Tens of frames | +---------------+------------------------+ | 10 | Drop frame flag | +---------------+------------------------+ | 11 | Color frame flag | +---------------+------------------------+ | 12--15 | Second binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 16--19 | Units of seconds | +---------------+------------------------+ | 20--23 | Third binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 24--26 | Tens of seconds | +---------------+------------------------+ | 27 | Polarity correction | +---------------+------------------------+ | 28--31 | Fourth binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 32--35 | Units of minutes | +---------------+------------------------+ | 36--39 | Fifth binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 40--42 | Tens of minutes | +---------------+------------------------+ | 43 | Binary group flag BGF0 | Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 58] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 +---------------+------------------------+ | 44--47 | Sixth binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 48--51 | Units of hours | +---------------+------------------------+ | 52--55 | Seventh binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ | 56--57 | Tens of hours | +---------------+------------------------+ | 58 | Binary group flag BGF1 | +---------------+------------------------+ | 59 | Binary group flag BGF2 | +---------------+------------------------+ | 60--63 | Eighth binary group | +---------------+------------------------+ Table 3: SMPTE ST 12-1 Bits Assignment For example, a timecode value of "07:32:54;18" can be expressed as a 64-bit SMPTE 12M value as: 10000000 01100000 01100000 01010000 00100000 00110000 01110000 00000000 6.1.2. BlockAddIDType The BlockAddIDType value reserved for timecode is "121". 6.1.3. BlockAddIDName The BlockAddIDName value reserved for timecode is "SMPTE ST 12-1 timecode". 6.1.4. BlockAddIDExtraData BlockAddIDExtraData is unused within this block additional mapping. 7. Security Considerations This document inherits security considerations from the EBML [RFC8794] and Matroska [RFC9559] documents. Codec handling may be one of the more error-prone aspect of using Matroska. The parsing and interpretation of binary data can lead to many types of security issues. Although these issues don't come from Matroska itself, it's worth noting some issues that need to be considered. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 59] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 The mandatory CodecPrivate may be missing from the TrackEntry description. The TrackEntry MAY be discarded in that case. An existing CodecPrivate data may be bogus or incomplete or too big. The TrackEntry MAY be discarded in that case. A lot of codec have internal fields to hold values that are already found in the TrackEntry like the video dimensions or the audio sampling frequency. If these values differ that can lead to playback issues and even crashes. 8. IANA Considerations 8.1. Matroska Codec IDs Registry This document defines registries for Codec IDs stored in the CodecID element. A CodecID is a case-sensitive ASCII string with a V_, A_, S_ and B_ prefix for video, audio, subtitle and button tracks respectively. The details of the string format are found in Section 3.1.1. To register a new Codec ID in this registry, one needs a Codec ID string, a TrackType value, a description, a Change Controller, and an optional Reference to a document describing the Codec ID. Some Codec IDs values are deprecated and SHOULD NOT be used. Such Codec IDs are marked as "Reclaimed" in the "Matroska Codec IDs" registry. Table 4 shows the initial contents of the "Matroska Codec IDs" registry. The Change Controller for the initial entries is the IETF. +=================+=======+====================+================+ | Codec ID | Track | Description | Reference | | | Type | | | +=================+=======+====================+================+ | V_AV1 | 1 | Alliance for Open | This document, | | | | Media AV1 | Section 3.3.1 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_AVS2 | 1 | AVS2-P2/ | This document, | | | | IEEE.1857.4 | Section 3.3.2 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_AVS3 | 1 | AVS3-P2/ | This document, | | | | IEEE.1857.10 | Section 3.3.3 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_CAVS | 1 | AVS1-P2/ | This document, | | | | IEEE.1857.3 | Section 3.3.4 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 60] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | V_DIRAC | 1 | Dirac / VC-2 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.5 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_FFV1 | 1 | FFV1 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.6 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MJPEG | 1 | Motion JPEG | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.7 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEGH/ISO/ | 1 | HEVC/H.265 | This document, | | HEVC | | | Section 3.3.8 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEGI/ISO/VVC | 1 | VVC/H.266 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.9 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG1 | 1 | MPEG 1 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.10 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG2 | 1 | MPEG 2 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.11 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC | 1 | AVC/H.264 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.12 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG4/ISO/AP | 1 | MPEG4 ISO advanced | This document, | | | | profile | Section 3.3.13 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG4/ISO/ASP | 1 | MPEG4 ISO advanced | This document, | | | | simple profile | Section 3.3.14 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG4/ISO/SP | 1 | MPEG4 ISO simple | This document, | | | | profile | Section 3.3.15 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MPEG4/MS/V3 | 1 | Microsoft MPEG4 V3 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.16 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_MS/VFW/FOURCC | 1 | Microsoft Video | This document, | | | | Codec Manager | Section 3.3.17 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_QUICKTIME | 1 | Video taken from | This document, | | | | QuickTime files | Section 3.3.18 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_PRORES | 1 | Apple ProRes | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.19 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_REAL/RV10 | 1 | RealVideo 1.0 aka | This document, | | | | RealVideo 5 | Section 3.3.20 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 61] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | V_REAL/RV20 | 1 | RealVideo G2 and | This document, | | | | RealVideo G2+SVT | Section 3.3.21 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_REAL/RV30 | 1 | RealVideo 8 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.22 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_REAL/RV40 | 1 | rv40 : RealVideo 9 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.23 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_THEORA | 1 | Theora | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.24 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_UNCOMPRESSED | 1 | Raw uncompressed | This document, | | | | video frames | Section 3.3.25 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_VP8 | 1 | VP8 Codec format | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.26 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | V_VP9 | 1 | VP9 Codec format | This document, | | | | | Section 3.3.27 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG2/LC | 2 | Low Complexity | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.1 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG2/LC/ | 2 | Low Complexity | This document, | | SBR | | with Spectral Band | Section 3.4.2 | | | | Replication | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG2/ | 2 | MPEG2 Main Profile | This document, | | MAIN | | | Section 3.4.3 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG2/SSR | 2 | Scalable Sampling | This document, | | | | Rate | Section 3.4.4 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG4/LC | 2 | Low Complexity | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.5 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG4/LC/ | 2 | Low Complexity | This document, | | SBR | | with Spectral Band | Section 3.4.6 | | | | Replication | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG4/LTP | 2 | Long Term | This document, | | | | Prediction | Section 3.4.7 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG4/ | 2 | MPEG4 Main Profile | This document, | | MAIN | | | Section 3.4.8 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AAC/MPEG4/SSR | 2 | Scalable Sampling | This document, | Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 62] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | | | Rate | Section 3.4.9 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AC3 | 2 | Dolby Digital / | This document, | | | | AC-3 | Section 3.4.10 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AC3/BSID9 | 2 | Dolby Digital / | This document, | | | | AC-3 | Section 3.4.11 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_AC3/BSID10 | 2 | Dolby Digital / | This document, | | | | AC-3 | Section 3.4.12 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_ALAC | 2 | ALAC (Apple | This document, | | | | Lossless Audio | Section 3.4.13 | | | | Codec) | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_ATRAC/AT1 | 2 | Sony ATRAC1 Codec | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.14 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_DTS | 2 | Digital Theatre | This document, | | | | System | Section 3.4.15 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_DTS/EXPRESS | 2 | Digital Theatre | This document, | | | | System Express | Section 3.4.16 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_DTS/LOSSLESS | 2 | Digital Theatre | This document, | | | | System Lossless | Section 3.4.17 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_EAC3 | 2 | Dolby Digital Plus | This document, | | | | / E-AC-3 | Section 3.4.18 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_FLAC | 2 | FLAC | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.19 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_MLP | 2 | Meridian Lossless | This document, | | | | Packing / MLP | Section 3.4.20 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_MPC | 2 | MPC (musepack) SV8 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.21 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_MPEG/L1 | 2 | MPEG Audio 1, 2 | This document, | | | | Layer I | Section 3.4.22 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_MPEG/L2 | 2 | MPEG Audio 1, 2 | This document, | | | | Layer II | Section 3.4.23 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_MPEG/L3 | 2 | MPEG Audio 1, 2, | This document, | | | | 2.5 Layer III | Section 3.4.24 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 63] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | A_MS/ACM | 2 | Microsoft Audio | This document, | | | | Codec Manager | Section 3.4.25 | | | | (ACM) | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/14_4 | 2 | Real Audio 1 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.26 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/28_8 | 2 | Real Audio 2 | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.27 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/ATRC | 2 | Sony Atrac3 Codec | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.28 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/COOK | 2 | Real Audio Cook | This document, | | | | Codec | Section 3.4.29 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/RALF | 2 | Real Audio | This document, | | | | Lossless Format | Section 3.4.30 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_REAL/SIPR | 2 | Sipro Voice Codec | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.31 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_OPUS | 2 | Opus interactive | This document, | | | | speech and audio | Section 3.4.32 | | | | codec | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_PCM/FLOAT/ | 2 | Floating-Point, | This document, | | IEEE | | IEEE compatible | Section 3.4.33 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_PCM/INT/BIG | 2 | PCM Integer Big | This document, | | | | Endian | Section 3.4.34 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_PCM/INT/LIT | 2 | PCM Integer Little | This document, | | | | Endian | Section 3.4.35 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_QUICKTIME | 2 | Audio taken from | This document, | | | | QuickTime files | Section 3.4.36 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_QUICKTIME/ | 2 | QDesign Music | This document, | | QDMC | | | Section 3.4.37 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_QUICKTIME/ | 2 | QDesign Music v2 | This document, | | QDM2 | | | Section 3.4.38 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_TRUEHD | 2 | Dolby TrueHD | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.39 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_TTA1 | 2 | The True Audio | This document, | Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 64] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | | | | Section 3.4.40 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_VORBIS | 2 | Vorbis | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.41 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | A_WAVPACK4 | 2 | WavPack | This document, | | | | | Section 3.4.42 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_ARIBSUB | 17 | ARIB STD-B24 | This document, | | | | subtitles | Section 3.5.1 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_DVBSUB | 17 | Digital Video | This document, | | | | Broadcasting | Section 3.5.2 | | | | subtitles | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_HDMV/PGS | 17 | HDMV presentation | This document, | | | | graphics subtitles | Section 3.5.3 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_HDMV/TEXTST | 17 | HDMV text | This document, | | | | subtitles | Section 3.5.4 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_KATE | 17 | Karaoke And Text | This document, | | | | Encapsulation | Section 3.5.5 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_IMAGE/BMP | 17 | Bitmap | This document, | | | | | Section 3.5.6 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_ASS | 17 | Advanced | Reclaimed, | | | | SubStation Alpha | Section 3.5.7 | | | | Format | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/ASS | 17 | Advanced | This document, | | | | SubStation Alpha | Section 3.5.7 | | | | Format | | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/ASCII | 17 | ASCII Plain Text | This document, | | | | | Section 3.5.8 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/SSA | 17 | SubStation Alpha | This document, | | | | Format | Section 3.5.9 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/USF | 17 | Universal Subtitle | This document, | | | | Format | Section 3.5.10 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/UTF8 | 17 | UTF-8 Plain Text | This document, | | | | | Section 3.5.11 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_TEXT/WEBVTT | 17 | Web Video Text | This document, | Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 65] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 | | | Tracks (WebVTT) | Section 3.5.12 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_SSA | 17 | SubStation Alpha | Reclaimed, | | | | Format | Section 3.5.7 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | S_VOBSUB | 17 | VobSub subtitles | This document, | | | | | Section 3.5.13 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ | B_VOBBTN | 18 | VobBtn Buttons | This document, | | | | | Section 3.6.1 | +-----------------+-------+--------------------+----------------+ Table 4: Initial Contents of "Matroska Codec IDs" Registry 8.2. Matroska BlockAdditional Type IDs Registry This document defines registries for BlockAdditional Type IDs stored in the BlockAddIDType element. The values correspond to the unsigned integer BlockAddIDType value described in Section 5.1.4.1.17.3 of [RFC9559]. To register a new BlockAdditional Type ID in this registry, one needs a BlockAddIDType unsigned integer, a BlockAddIDName string value, a Change Controller, and an optional Reference to a document describing the BlockAdditional Type ID. Table 5 shows the initial contents of the "Matroska BlockAdditional Type IDs" registry. The Change Controller for the initial entries is the IETF. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 66] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 +================+===========================+================+ | BlockAddIDType | BlockAddIDName | Reference | +================+===========================+================+ | 0 | Use BlockAddIDValue | This document, | | | | Section 3.7.1 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 1 | Opaque data | This document, | | | | Section 3.7.2 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 4 | ITU T.35 metadata | This document, | | | | Section 3.7.3 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 121 | SMPTE ST 12-1 timecode | This document, | | | | Section 6.1 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x64766343 | Dolby Vision | This document, | | | configuration dvcC | Section 3.7.6 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x61766345 | Dolby Vision enhancement- | This document, | | | layer AVC configuration | Section 3.7.4 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x64767643 | Dolby Vision | This document, | | | configuration dvvC | Section 3.7.7 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x64767743 | Dolby Vision | This document, | | | configuration dvwC | Section 3.7.8 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x68766345 | Dolby Vision enhancement- | This document, | | | layer HEVC configuration | Section 3.7.5 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ | 0x6D766343 | MVC configuration | This document, | | | | Section 3.7.9 | +----------------+---------------------------+----------------+ Table 5: Initial Contents of "Matroska BlockAdditional Type IDs" Registry 9. References 9.1. Normative References [ALAC] Apple Inc., "Apple Lossless Format "Magic Cookie" Description", 12 December 2012, <https://github.com/macosforge/alac/blob/master/ ALACMagicCookieDescription.txt>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 67] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [ARIB.STD-B10] ARIB, "Service Information for Digital Broadcasting System", 5 December 2019, <https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/desc/ std-b10.html>. [ARIB.STD-B24] ARIB, "Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting", 6 October 2022, <https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/desc/ std-b24.html>. [ARIB.TR-B14] ARIB, "Operational Guidelines for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting", 6 October 2022, <https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/desc/ tr-b14.html>. [ATSC.A52] Advanced Television Systems Committee, "ATSC Standard: Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3)", 25 January 2018, <https://www.atsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ A52-2018.pdf>. [AV1] Alliance for Open Media, "AV1 Bitstream & Decoding Process Specification", 8 January 2019, <https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/av1-spec.pdf>. [AV1-ISOBMFF] Alliance for Open Media, "AV1 Codec ISO Media File Format Binding", 3 April 2024, <https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-isobmff/>. [BITMAPINFOHEADER] Microsoft Corporation, "BITMAPINFOHEADER structure", 26 January 2024, <https://learn.microsoft.com/en- us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader>. [Blu-ray.Part3] Blu-ray Disc Association, "System Description Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Format - Part 3: Audio Visual Basic Specifications Ver 2.01", January 2007, <https://blu-raydisc.info/format-spec/re2-spec.php>. [Dirac] British Broadcasting Corporation, "Dirac Specification", 23 September 2008, <https://web.archive.org/web/2015050301 5104/http://diracvideo.org/download/specification/dirac- spec-latest.pdf>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 68] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [DolbyVision-ISOBMFF] Dolby, "Dolby Vision Streams Within the ISO Base MediaFile Format", 7 November 2023, <https://dolby.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/700000009YuG/a/4u00 0000l6FB/076wHYEmyEfz09m0V1bo85_25hlUJjaiWTbzorNmYY4>. [DVD-Info.PCI] "Presentation Control Information (PCI) Packet Layout", <http://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/pci_pkt.html>. [ETSI.EN300-468] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems", ETSI EN 300 468, December 2023, <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_en/300400_300499/300468/01.18.01_60/ en_300468v011801p.pdf>. [ETSI.EN300-743] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Subtitling systems", ETSI EN 300 743, October 2018, <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_en/300700_300799/300743/01.06.01_60/ en_300743v010601p.pdf>. [ETSI.TS102-114] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "DTS Coherent Acoustics; Core and Extensions with Additional Profiles", ETSI TS 102 114, August 2019, <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/102100_102199/102114/01.06.01_60/ ts_102114v010601p.pdf>. [ETSI.TS102-366] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard", ETSI TS 102 366, September 2017, <https://www.etsi.org/deliver/ etsi_ts/102300_102399/102366/01.04.01_60/ ts_102366v010401p.pdf>. [I-D.ietf-cellar-flac] van Beurden, M. and A. Weaver, "Free Lossless Audio Codec", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf- cellar-flac-14, 14 January 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-cellar- flac-14>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 69] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [IEEE.1857-10] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Third Generation Video Coding", 9 November 2021, <https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1857.10/7722/>. [IEEE.1857-3] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for a System of Advanced Audio and Video Coding", 8 November 2023, <https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1857.3/10645/>. [IEEE.1857-4] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Second-Generation IEEE 1857 Video Coding", 23 October 2018, <https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1857.4/5817/>. [IEEE.754] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic", 13 June 2019, <https://standards.ieee.org/standard/754-2019.html>. [ISO.11172-2] International Organization for Standardization, "Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage median at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 2: Video", ISO 11172-2:1993, August 1993. [ISO.11172-3] International Organization for Standardization, "Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage median at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio", ISO 11172-2:1993, August 1993. [ISO.13818-2] International Organization for Standardization, "Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 2: Video", ISO 13818-2:2013, October 2013. [ISO.14496-15] International Organization for Standardization, "Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 15: Carriage of network abstraction layer (NAL) unit structured video in ISO base media file format", ISO 14496-15:2024, October 2024. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 70] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [ISO.14496-2] International Organization for Standardization, "Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 2: Visual", ISO 14496-2:2004, June 2004. [JPEG] ITU-T, "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES - REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES", ITU-T Recommendation T.81, September 1992, <https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf>. [librmff] Bunkus, M., "RealMedia file format access library", 20 February 2021, <https://gitlab.com/mbunkus/mkvtoolnix/- /blob/main/lib/librmff/librmff.h>. [OggKate] Xiph.Org Foundation, "OggKate", 21 February 2023, <http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/OggKate>. [QTFF] Apple Inc., "QuickTime File Format", 26 January 2024, <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quicktime-file- format>. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC6386] Bankoski, J., Koleszar, J., Quillio, L., Salonen, J., Wilkins, P., and Y. Xu, "VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide", RFC 6386, DOI 10.17487/RFC6386, November 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6386>. [RFC6648] Saint-Andre, P., Crocker, D., and M. Nottingham, "Deprecating the "X-" Prefix and Similar Constructs in Application Protocols", BCP 178, RFC 6648, DOI 10.17487/RFC6648, June 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6648>. [RFC6716] Valin, JM., Vos, K., and T. Terriberry, "Definition of the Opus Audio Codec", RFC 6716, DOI 10.17487/RFC6716, September 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6716>. [RFC7845] Terriberry, T., Lee, R., and R. Giles, "Ogg Encapsulation for the Opus Audio Codec", RFC 7845, DOI 10.17487/RFC7845, April 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7845>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 71] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [RFC8794] Lhomme, S., Rice, D., and M. Bunkus, "Extensible Binary Meta Language", RFC 8794, DOI 10.17487/RFC8794, July 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8794>. [RFC9043] Niedermayer, M., Rice, D., and J. Martinez, "FFV1 Video Coding Format Versions 0, 1, and 3", RFC 9043, DOI 10.17487/RFC9043, August 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9043>. [RFC9559] Lhomme, S., Bunkus, M., and D. Rice, "Matroska Media Container Format Specification", RFC 9559, DOI 10.17487/RFC9559, October 2024, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9559>. [SMPTE.RDD36] SMPTE, "Apple ProRes Bitstream Syntax and Decoding Process", 9 September 2022, <https://pub.smpte.org/doc/rdd36/20220909-pub/>. [SMPTE.ST12-1] SMPTE, "Time and Control Code", ST 12-1:2014, DOI 10.5594/SMPTE.ST12-1.2014, 20 February 2014, <https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st12-1/20140220-pub/>. [SSA] "Sub Station Alpha v4.00+ Script Format", <http://www.tcax.org/docs/ass-specs.htm>. [Theora] Xiph.Org Foundation, "Theora Specification", 3 June 2017, <https://www.theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf>. [TRUEHD] Dolby, "Dolby TrueHD (MLP) high-level bitstream description", February 2018, <https://developer.dolby.com/globalassets/technology/ dolby-truehd/ dolbytruehdhighlevelbitstreamdescription.pdf>. [TTA] Tau Software, "TTA", <https://tausoft.org/en/tta-%d0%be%d0 %bf%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80 %d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b0/>. [USF] PARIS, C., Vialle, L., and U. Hammer, "Universal Subtitle Format", 28 November 2010, <https://subtitld.org/en/development/usf>. [VORBIS] Xiph.Org Foundation, "Vorbis I specification", 4 July 2020, <https://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.pdf>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 72] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [VP9] Grange, A., de Rivaz, P., and J. Hunt, "VP9 Bitstream & Decoding Process Specification - version 0.7", 22 February 2017, <https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/ docs/vp9/vp9-bitstream-specification- v0.7-20170222-draft.pdf>. [WAVEFORMATEX] Microsoft Corporation, "WAVEFORMATEX structure", 4 April 2021, <https://docs.microsoft.com/en- us/windows/win32/api/mmeapi/ns-mmeapi-waveformatex>. [WAVPACK] Bryant, D., "WavPack 4 & 5 Binary File / Block Format", 12 April 2020, <https://www.wavpack.com/WavPack5FileFormat.pdf>. [WebVTT] Pieters, S., Pfeiffer, S., Ed., Jaegenstedt, P., and I. Hickson, "WebVTT: The Web Video Text Tracks Format", W3C Candidate Recommendation, April 2019, <https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/CR-webvtt1-20190404/>. 9.2. Informative References [AtracAES] Sony Corporate Research Laboratories, "ATRAC: Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding for MiniDisc", 1 October 1992, <https://www.minidisc.wiki/technology/atrac/aes>. [atracdenc] Cherednik, D., "atracdenc - ATRAC1 and ATRAC3 Decoder/ Encoder", 12 October 2022, <https://github.com/dcherednik/atracdenc>. [DVD-Video] DVD Forum, "DVD-Books: Part 3 DVD-Video Book", November 1995, <http://www.dvdforum.org/>. [ITU-T.35] ITU-T, "Procedure for the allocation of ITU-T defined codes for non-standard facilities", ITU-T Recommendation T.35, February 2000, <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.35/en>. [RFC5484] Singer, D., "Associating Time-Codes with RTP Streams", RFC 5484, DOI 10.17487/RFC5484, March 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5484>. Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 73] Internet-Draft Matroska Codec December 2024 [SMPTE.ST2042-1] SMPTE, "VC-2 Video Compression", ST 2042-1:2022, DOI 10.5594/SMPTE.ST2042-1.2022, 8 December 2022, <https://pub.smpte.org/pub/st2042-1/st2042-1-2022.pdf>. [VP-ISOBMFF] Galligan, F., Hughes, K., Inskip, T., and D. Ronca, "VP Codec ISO Media File Format Binding", 31 March 2017, <https://www.webmproject.org/vp9/mp4/>. [WebM-WebVTT] Heaney, M. and F. Galligan, "WebVTT in WebM", 1 February 2012, <https://wiki.webmproject.org/webm-metadata/ temporal-metadata/webvtt-in-webm>. [WebMContainer] The WebM Project, "WebM Container Guidelines", 16 October 2023, <https://www.webmproject.org/docs/container/>. Authors' Addresses Steve Lhomme Email: slhomme@matroska.org Moritz Bunkus Email: moritz@bunkus.org Dave Rice Email: dave@dericed.com Lhomme, et al. Expires 18 June 2025 [Page 74]