Release Notes
Introduction
BIND 9.18 (Extended Support Version) is a stable branch of BIND. This document summarizes significant changes since the last production release on that branch.
Supported Platforms
See the Supported Platforms section in the Resource Requirements chapter.
Download
The latest versions of BIND 9 software can always be found at https://www.isc.org/download/. There you will find additional information about each release, and source code.
Known Issues
Upgrading from BIND 9.16.32, 9.18.6, or any older version may require a manual configuration change. The following configurations are affected:
type primary
zones configured withdnssec-policy
but without eitherallow-update
orupdate-policy
,type secondary
zones configured withdnssec-policy
.
In these cases please add
inline-signing yes;
to the individual zone configuration(s). Without applying this change,named
will fail to start. For more details, see https://kb.isc.org/docs/dnssec-policy-requires-dynamic-dns-or-inline-signingBIND 9.18 does not support dynamic update forwarding (see
allow-update-forwarding
) in conjuction with zone transfers over TLS (XoT). [GL #3512]According to RFC 8310, Section 8.1, the
Subject
field MUST NOT be inspected when verifying a remote certificate while establishing a DNS-over-TLS connection. OnlysubjectAltName
must be checked instead. Unfortunately, some quite old versions of cryptographic libraries might lack the ability to ignore theSubject
field. This should have minimal production-use consequences, as most of the production-ready certificates issued by certificate authorities will havesubjectAltName
set. In such cases, theSubject
field is ignored. Only old platforms are affected by this, e.g. those supplied with OpenSSL versions older than 1.1.1. [GL #3163]rndc
has been updated to use the new BIND network manager API. As the network manager currently has no support for UNIX-domain sockets, those cannot now be used withrndc
. This will be addressed in a future release, either by restoring UNIX-domain socket support or by formally declaring them to be obsolete in the control channel. [GL #1759]Sending NOTIFY messages silently fails when the source port specified in the
notify-source
statement is already in use. This can happen e.g. when multiple servers are configured as NOTIFY targets for a zone and some of them are unresponsive. This issue can be worked around by not specifying the source port for NOTIFY messages in thenotify-source
statement; note that source port configuration is already deprecated and will be removed altogether in a future release. [GL #4002]
Notes for BIND 9.18.26
New Features
The statistics channel now includes counters that indicate the number of currently connected TCP IPv4/IPv6 clients. [GL #4425]
Added RESOLVER.ARPA to the built in empty zones. [GL #4580]
Bug Fixes
Changes to
listen-on
statements were ignored on reconfiguration unless the port or interface address was changed, making it impossible to change a related listener transport type. That issue has been fixed.ISC would like to thank Thomas Amgarten for bringing this issue to our attention. [GL #4518] [GL #4528]
A bug in the keymgr code unintentionally slowed down some DNSSEC key rollovers. This has been fixed. [GL #4552]
Some ISO 8601 durations were accepted erroneously, leading to shorter durations than expected. This has been fixed. [GL #4624]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.25
Bug Fixes
A regression in cache-cleaning code enabled memory use to grow significantly more quickly than before, until the configured
max-cache-size
limit was reached. This has been fixed. [GL #4596]Using
rndc flush
inadvertently caused cache cleaning to become less effective. This could ultimately lead to the configuredmax-cache-size
limit being exceeded and has now been fixed. [GL #4621]The logic for cleaning up expired cached DNS records was tweaked to be more aggressive. This change helps with enforcing
max-cache-ttl
andmax-ncache-ttl
in a timely manner. [GL #4591]It was possible to trigger a use-after-free assertion when the overmem cache cleaning was initiated. This has been fixed. [GL #4595]
ISC would like to thank Jinmei Tatuya of Infoblox for bringing this issue to our attention.
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.24
Security Fixes
Validating DNS messages containing a lot of DNSSEC signatures could cause excessive CPU load, leading to a denial-of-service condition. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-50387)
ISC would like to thank Elias Heftrig, Haya Schulmann, Niklas Vogel, and Michael Waidner from the German National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #4424]
Preparing an NSEC3 closest encloser proof could cause excessive CPU load, leading to a denial-of-service condition. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-50868) [GL #4459]
Parsing DNS messages with many different names could cause excessive CPU load. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-4408)
ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #4234]
Specific queries could cause
named
to crash with an assertion failure whennxdomain-redirect
was enabled. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-5517) [GL #4281]A bad interaction between DNS64 and serve-stale could cause
named
to crash with an assertion failure, when both of these features were enabled. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-5679) [GL #4334]Under certain circumstances, the DNS-over-TLS client code incorrectly attempted to process more than one DNS message at a time, which could cause
named
to crash with an assertion failure. This has been fixed. [GL #4487]
Bug Fixes
The counters exported via the statistics channel were changed back to 64-bit signed values; they were being inadvertently truncated to unsigned 32-bit values since BIND 9.15.0. [GL #4467]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.23
Note
The BIND 9.18.23 release was withdrawn after the discovery of a regression in a security fix in it during pre-release testing. ISC would like to acknowledge the assistance of Vinzenz Vogel and Daniel Stirnimann of SWITCH.
Notes for BIND 9.18.22
Note
The BIND 9.18.22 release was withdrawn after the discovery of a regression in a security fix in it during pre-release testing. ISC would like to acknowledge the assistance of Curtis Tuplin of SaskTel.
Notes for BIND 9.18.21
Removed Features
Support for using AES as the DNS COOKIE algorithm (
cookie-algorithm aes;
) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the current default, SipHash-2-4, instead. [GL #4421]The
resolver-nonbackoff-tries
andresolver-retry-interval
statements have been deprecated. Using them now causes a warning to be logged. [GL #4405]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.20
Feature Changes
The IP addresses for B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET have been updated to 170.247.170.2 and 2801:1b8:10::b. [GL #4101]
Bug Fixes
If the unsigned version of an inline-signed zone contained DNSSEC records, it was incorrectly scheduled for resigning. This has been fixed. [GL #4350]
Looking up stale data from the cache did not take local authoritative data into account. This has been fixed. [GL #4355]
An assertion failure was triggered when
lock-file
was used at the same time as thenamed -X
command-line option. This has been fixed. [GL #4386]The
lock-file
file was being removed when it should not have been, making the statement ineffective whennamed
was started three or more times. This has been fixed. [GL #4387]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.19
Security Fixes
Previously, sending a specially crafted message over the control channel could cause the packet-parsing code to run out of available stack memory, causing
named
to terminate unexpectedly. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-3341)ISC would like to thank Eric Sesterhenn from X41 D-Sec GmbH for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #4152]
A flaw in the networking code handling DNS-over-TLS queries could cause
named
to terminate unexpectedly due to an assertion failure under significant DNS-over-TLS query load. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-4236)ISC would like to thank Robert Story from USC/ISI Root Server Operations for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #4242]
Removed Features
The
dnssec-must-be-secure
option has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release. [GL #4263]
Feature Changes
If the
server
command is specified,nsupdate
now honors thensupdate -v
option for SOA queries by sending both the UPDATE request and the initial query over TCP. [GL #1181]
Bug Fixes
The value of the If-Modified-Since header in the statistics channel was not being correctly validated for its length, potentially allowing an authorized user to trigger a buffer overflow. Ensuring the statistics channel is configured correctly to grant access exclusively to authorized users is essential (see the
statistics-channels
block definition and usage section). [GL #4124]This issue was reported independently by Eric Sesterhenn of X41 D-Sec GmbH and Cameron Whitehead.
The Content-Length header in the statistics channel was lacking proper bounds checking. A negative or excessively large value could potentially trigger an integer overflow and result in an assertion failure. [GL #4125]
This issue was reported by Eric Sesterhenn of X41 D-Sec GmbH.
Several memory leaks caused by not clearing the OpenSSL error stack were fixed. [GL #4159]
This issue was reported by Eric Sesterhenn of X41 D-Sec GmbH.
The introduction of
krb5-subdomain-self-rhs
andms-subdomain-self-rhs
UPDATE policies accidentally causednamed
to return SERVFAIL responses to deletion requests for non-existent PTR and SRV records. This has been fixed. [GL #4280]The
stale-refresh-time
feature was mistakenly disabled when the server cache was flushed byrndc flush
. This has been fixed. [GL #4278]BIND’s memory consumption has been improved by implementing dedicated jemalloc memory arenas for sending buffers. This optimization ensures that memory usage is more efficient and better manages the return of memory pages to the operating system. [GL #4038]
Previously, partial writes in the TLS DNS code were not accounted for correctly, which could have led to DNS message corruption. This has been fixed. [GL #4255]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.18
Feature Changes
When a primary server for a zone responds to an SOA query, but the subsequent TCP connection required to transfer the zone is refused, that server is marked as temporarily unreachable. This now also happens if the TCP connection attempt times out, preventing too many zones from queuing up on an unreachable server and allowing the refresh process to move on to the next configured primary more quickly. [GL #4215]
The
dialup
andheartbeat-interval
options have been deprecated and will be removed in a future BIND 9 release. [GL #3700]
Bug Fixes
Processing already-queued queries received over TCP could cause an assertion failure, when the server was reconfigured at the same time or the cache was being flushed. This has been fixed. [GL #4200]
Setting
dnssec-policy
toinsecure
prevented zones containing resource records with a TTL value larger than 86400 seconds (1 day) from being loaded. This has been fixed by ignoring the TTL values in the zone and using a value of 604800 seconds (1 week) as the maximum zone TTL in key rollover timing calculations. [GL #4032]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.17
Feature Changes
If a response from an authoritative server has its RCODE set to FORMERR and contains an echoed EDNS COOKIE option that was present in the query,
named
now retries sending the query to the same server without an EDNS COOKIE option. [GL #4049]The
relaxed
QNAME minimization mode now uses NS records. This reduces the number of queriesnamed
makes when resolving, as it allows the non-existence of NS RRsets at non-referral nodes to be cached in addition to the normally cached referrals. [GL #3325]
Bug Fixes
The ability to read HMAC-MD5 key files, which was accidentally lost in BIND 9.18.8, has been restored. [GL #3668] [GL #4154]
Several minor stability issues with the catalog zone implementation have been fixed. [GL #4132] [GL #4136] [GL #4171]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.16
Security Fixes
The overmem cleaning process has been improved, to prevent the cache from significantly exceeding the configured
max-cache-size
limit. (CVE-2023-2828)ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #4055]
A query that prioritizes stale data over lookup triggers a fetch to refresh the stale data in cache. If the fetch is aborted for exceeding the recursion quota, it was possible for
named
to enter an infinite callback loop and crash due to stack overflow. This has been fixed. (CVE-2023-2911) [GL #4089]
New Features
The system test suite can now be executed with pytest (along with pytest-xdist for parallel execution). [GL #3978]
Removed Features
TKEY mode 2 (Diffie-Hellman Exchanged Keying) is now deprecated, and will be removed in a future release. A warning will be logged when the
tkey-dhkey
option is used innamed.conf
. [GL #3905]
Bug Fixes
BIND could get stuck on reconfiguration when a
listen-on
statement for HTTP is removed from the configuration. That has been fixed. [GL #4071]Previously, it was possible for a delegation from cache to be returned to the client after the
stale-answer-client-timeout
duration. This has been fixed. [GL #3950]BIND could allocate too big buffers when sending data via stream-based DNS transports, leading to increased memory usage. This has been fixed. [GL #4038]
When the
stale-answer-enable
option was enabled and thestale-answer-client-timeout
option was enabled and larger than 0,named
previously allocated two slots from theclients-per-query
limit for each client and failed to gradually auto-tune its value, as configured. This has been fixed. [GL #4074]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.15
Bug Fixes
The
max-transfer-time-in
andmax-transfer-idle-in
statements have not had any effect since the BIND 9 networking stack was refactored in version 9.16. The missing functionality has been re-implemented and incoming zone transfers now time out properly when not progressing. [GL #4004]The read timeout in
rndc
is now 60 seconds, matching the behavior in BIND 9.16 and earlier. It had previously been lowered to 30 seconds by mistake. [GL #4046]When the
ISC_R_INVALIDPROTO
(ENOPROTOOPT
,EPROTONOSUPPORT
) error code is returned by libuv, it is now treated as a network failure: the server for which that error code is returned gets marked as broken and is not contacted again during a given resolution process. [GL #4005]When removing delegations from an opt-out range, empty-non-terminal NSEC3 records generated by those delegations were not cleaned up. This has been fixed. [GL #4027]
Log file rotation code did not clean up older versions of log files when the logging
channel
had an absolute path configured as afile
destination. This has been fixed. [GL #3991]
Known Issues
Sending NOTIFY messages silently fails when the source port specified in the
notify-source
statement is already in use. This can happen e.g. when multiple servers are configured as NOTIFY targets for a zone and some of them are unresponsive. This issue can be worked around by not specifying the source port for NOTIFY messages in thenotify-source
statement; note that source port configuration is already deprecated and will be removed altogether in a future release. [GL #4002]See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.14
Removed Features
Zone type
delegation-only
, and thedelegation-only
androot-delegation-only
statements, have been deprecated. A warning is now logged when they are used.These statements were created to address the SiteFinder controversy, in which certain top-level domains redirected misspelled queries to other sites instead of returning NXDOMAIN responses. Since top-level domains are now DNSSEC-signed, and DNSSEC validation is active by default, the statements are no longer needed. [GL #3953]
Bug Fixes
Several bugs which could cause
named
to crash during catalog zone processing have been fixed. [GL #3955] [GL #3968] [GL #3997]Previously, downloading large zones over TLS (XoT) from a primary could hang the transfer on the secondary, especially when the connection was unstable. This has been fixed. [GL #3867]
Performance of DNSSEC validation in zones with many DNSKEY records has been improved. [GL #3981]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.13
New Features
RPZ updates are now run on specialized “offload” threads to reduce the amount of time they block query processing on the main networking threads. This increases the responsiveness of
named
when RPZ updates are being applied after an RPZ zone has been successfully transferred. [GL #3190]
Feature Changes
Catalog zone updates are now run on specialized “offload” threads to reduce the amount of time they block query processing on the main networking threads. This increases the responsiveness of
named
when catalog zone updates are being applied after a catalog zone has been successfully transferred. [GL #3881]libuv support for receiving multiple UDP messages in a single
recvmmsg()
system call has been tweaked several times between libuv versions 1.35.0 and 1.40.0; the current recommended libuv version is 1.40.0 or higher. New rules are now in effect for running with a different version of libuv than the one used at compilation time. These rules may trigger a fatal error at startup:Building against or running with libuv versions 1.35.0 and 1.36.0 is now a fatal error.
Running with libuv version higher than 1.34.2 is now a fatal error when
named
is built against libuv version 1.34.2 or lower.Running with libuv version higher than 1.39.0 is now a fatal error when
named
is built against libuv version 1.37.0, 1.38.0, 1.38.1, or 1.39.0.
This prevents the use of libuv versions that may trigger an assertion failure when receiving multiple UDP messages in a single system call. [GL #3840]
Bug Fixes
named
could crash with an assertion failure when adding a new zone into the configuration file for a name which was already configured as a member zone for a catalog zone. This has been fixed. [GL #3911]When
named
starts up, it sends a query for the DNSSEC key for each configured trust anchor to determine whether the key has changed. In some unusual cases, the query might depend on a zone for which the server is itself authoritative, and would have failed if it were sent before the zone was fully loaded. This has now been fixed by delaying the key queries until all zones have finished loading. [GL #3673]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.12
Removed Features
Specifying a
port
when configuring source addresses (i.e., as an argument toquery-source
,query-source-v6
,transfer-source
,transfer-source-v6
,notify-source
,notify-source-v6
,parental-source
, orparental-source-v6
, or in thesource
orsource-v6
arguments toprimaries
,parental-agents
,also-notify
, orcatalog-zones
) has been deprecated. In addition, theuse-v4-udp-ports
,use-v6-udp-ports
,avoid-v4-udp-ports
, andavoid-v6-udp-ports
options have also been deprecated.Warnings are now logged when any of these options are encountered in
named.conf
. In a future release, they will be made nonfunctional. [GL #3781]
Bug Fixes
A constant stream of zone additions and deletions via
rndc reconfig
could cause increased memory consumption due to delayed cleaning of view memory. This has been fixed. [GL #3801]The speed of the message digest algorithms (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2), and of NSEC3 hashing, has been improved. [GL #3795]
Pointing
parental-agents
to a resolver did not work because the RD bit was not set on DS requests. This has been fixed. [GL #3783]Building BIND 9 failed when the
--enable-dnsrps
switch for./configure
was used. This has been fixed. [GL #3827]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.11
Security Fixes
An UPDATE message flood could cause
named
to exhaust all available memory. This flaw was addressed by adding a newupdate-quota
option that controls the maximum number of outstanding DNS UPDATE messages thatnamed
can hold in a queue at any given time (default: 100). (CVE-2022-3094)ISC would like to thank Rob Schulhof from Infoblox for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #3523]
named
could crash with an assertion failure when an RRSIG query was received andstale-answer-client-timeout
was set to a non-zero value. This has been fixed. (CVE-2022-3736)ISC would like to thank Borja Marcos from Sarenet (with assistance by Iratxe Niño from Fundación Sarenet) for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #3622]
named
running as a resolver with thestale-answer-client-timeout
option set to any value greater than0
could crash with an assertion failure, when therecursive-clients
soft quota was reached. This has been fixed. (CVE-2022-3924)ISC would like to thank Maksym Odinintsev from AWS for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #3619]
New Features
The new
update-quota
option can be used to control the number of simultaneous DNS UPDATE messages that can be processed to update an authoritative zone on a primary server, or forwarded to the primary server by a secondary server. The default is 100. A new statistics counter has also been added to record events when this quota is exceeded, and the version numbers for the XML and JSON statistics schemas have been updated. [GL #3523]
Removed Features
The Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) feature in BIND has been non-operational since the new Network Manager was introduced in BIND 9.16. It is now marked as obsolete, and vestigial code implementing it has been removed. Configuring DSCP values in
named.conf
now causes a warning to be logged. [GL #3773]
Feature Changes
The catalog zone implementation has been optimized to work with hundreds of thousands of member zones. [GL #3212] [GL #3744]
Bug Fixes
A rare assertion failure was fixed in outgoing TCP DNS connection handling. [GL #3178] [GL #3636]
Large zone transfers over TLS (XoT) could fail. This has been fixed. [GL #3772]
In addition to a previously fixed bug, another similar issue was discovered where quotas could be erroneously reached for servers, including any configured forwarders, resulting in SERVFAIL answers being sent to clients. This has been fixed. [GL #3752]
In certain query resolution scenarios (e.g. when following CNAME records),
named
configured to answer from stale cache could return a SERVFAIL response despite a usable, non-stale answer being present in the cache. This has been fixed. [GL #3678]When an outgoing request timed out,
named
would retry up to three times with the same server instead of trying the next available name server. This has been fixed. [GL #3637]Recently used ADB names and ADB entries (IP addresses) could get cleaned when ADB was under memory pressure. To mitigate this, only actual ADB names and ADB entries are now counted (excluding internal memory structures used for “housekeeping”) and recently used (<= 10 seconds) ADB names and entries are excluded from the overmem memory cleaner. [GL #3739]
The “Prohibited” Extended DNS Error was inadvertently set in some NOERROR responses. This has been fixed. [GL #3743]
Previously, TLS session resumption could have led to handshake failures when client certificates were used for authentication (Mutual TLS). This has been fixed. [GL #3725]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.10
Feature Changes
To reduce unnecessary memory consumption in the cache, NXDOMAIN records are no longer retained past the normal negative cache TTL, even if
stale-cache-enable
is set toyes
. [GL #3386]The
auto-dnssec
option has been deprecated and will be removed in a future BIND 9.19.x release. Please migrate todnssec-policy
. [GL #3667]The
coresize
,datasize
,files
, andstacksize
options have been deprecated. The limits these options set should be enforced externally, either by manual configuration (e.g. usingulimit
) or via the process supervisor (e.g.systemd
). [GL #3676]Setting alternate local addresses for inbound zone transfers has been deprecated. The relevant options (
alt-transfer-source
,alt-transfer-source-v6
, anduse-alt-transfer-source
) will be removed in a future BIND 9.19.x release. [GL #3694]The number of HTTP headers allowed in requests sent to
named
’s statistics channel has been increased from 10 to 100, to accommodate some browsers that send more than 10 headers by default. [GL #3670]
Bug Fixes
named
could crash due to an assertion failure when an HTTP connection to the statistics channel was closed prematurely (due to a connection error, shutdown, etc.). This has been fixed. [GL #3693]When a catalog zone was removed from the configuration, in some cases a dangling pointer could cause the
named
process to crash. This has been fixed. [GL #3683]When a zone was deleted from a server, a key management object related to that zone was inadvertently kept in memory and only released upon shutdown. This could lead to constantly increasing memory use on servers with a high rate of changes affecting the set of zones being served. This has been fixed. [GL #3727]
TLS configuration for primary servers was not applied for zones that were members of a catalog zone. This has been fixed. [GL #3638]
In certain cases,
named
waited for the resolution of outstanding recursive queries to finish before shutting down. This was unintended and has been fixed. [GL #3183]host
andnslookup
command-line options setting the custom TCP/UDP port to use were ignored for ANY queries (which are sent over TCP). This has been fixed. [GL #3721]The
zone <name>/<class>: final reference detached
log message was moved from the INFO log level to the DEBUG(1) log level to prevent thenamed-checkzone
tool from superfluously logging this message in non-debug mode. [GL #3707]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.9
Bug Fixes
A crash was fixed that happened when a
dnssec-policy
zone that used NSEC3 was reconfigured to enableinline-signing
. [GL #3591]In certain resolution scenarios, quotas could be erroneously reached for servers, including any configured forwarders, resulting in SERVFAIL answers being sent to clients. This has been fixed. [GL #3598]
rpz-ip
rules inresponse-policy
zones could be ineffective in some cases if a query had the CD (Checking Disabled) bit set to 1. This has been fixed. [GL #3247]Previously, if Internet connectivity issues were experienced during the initial startup of
named
, a BIND resolver withdnssec-validation
set toauto
could enter into a state where it would not recover without stoppingnamed
, manually deleting themanaged-keys.bind
andmanaged-keys.bind.jnl
files, and startingnamed
again. This has been fixed. [GL #2895]The statistics counter representing the current number of clients awaiting recursive resolution results (
RecursClients
) could overflow in certain resolution scenarios. This has been fixed. [GL #3584]Previously, the port in remote servers such as in
primaries
andparental-agents
could be wrongly configured because of an inheritance bug. This has been fixed. [GL #3627]Previously, BIND failed to start on Solaris-based systems with hundreds of CPUs. This has been fixed. [GL #3563]
When a DNS resource record’s TTL value was equal to the resolver’s configured
prefetch
“eligibility” value, the record was erroneously not treated as eligible for prefetching. This has been fixed. [GL #3603]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.8
Known Issues
Upgrading from BIND 9.16.32, 9.18.6, or any older version may require a manual configuration change. The following configurations are affected:
type primary
zones configured withdnssec-policy
but without eitherallow-update
orupdate-policy
,type secondary
zones configured withdnssec-policy
.
In these cases please add
inline-signing yes;
to the individual zone configuration(s). Without applying this change,named
will fail to start. For more details, see https://kb.isc.org/docs/dnssec-policy-requires-dynamic-dns-or-inline-signingBIND 9.18 does not support dynamic update forwarding (see
allow-update-forwarding
) in conjuction with zone transfers over TLS (XoT). [GL #3512]See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
New Features
Support for parsing and validating the
dohpath
service parameter in SVCB records was added. [GL #3544]named
now logs the supported cryptographic algorithms during startup and in the output ofnamed -V
. [GL #3541]The
recursion not available
andquery (cache) '...' denied
log messages were extended to include the name of the ACL that caused a given query to be denied. [GL #3587]
Feature Changes
The ability to use PKCS#11 via engine_pkcs11 has been restored, by using only deprecated APIs in OpenSSL 3.0.0. BIND 9 needs to be compiled with
-DOPENSSL_API_COMPAT=10100
specified in the CFLAGS environment variable at compile time. [GL #3578]
Bug Fixes
An assertion failure was fixed in
named
that was caused by aborting the statistics channel connection while sending statistics data to the client. [GL #3542]Changing just the TSIG key names for primaries in catalog zones’ member zones was not effective. This has been fixed. [GL #3557]
Notes for BIND 9.18.7
Security Fixes
Previously, there was no limit to the number of database lookups performed while processing large delegations, which could be abused to severely impact the performance of
named
running as a recursive resolver. This has been fixed. (CVE-2022-2795)ISC would like to thank Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University and Anat Bremler-Barr & Shani Stajnrod from Reichman University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #3394]
When an HTTP connection was reused to request statistics from the stats channel, the content length of successive responses could grow in size past the end of the allocated buffer. This has been fixed. (CVE-2022-2881) [GL #3493]
Memory leaks in code handling Diffie-Hellman (DH) keys were fixed that could be externally triggered, when using TKEY records in DH mode with OpenSSL 3.0.0 and later versions. (CVE-2022-2906) [GL #3491]
named
running as a resolver with thestale-answer-client-timeout
option set to0
could crash with an assertion failure, when there was a stale CNAME in the cache for the incoming query. This has been fixed. (CVE-2022-3080) [GL #3517]Memory leaks were fixed that could be externally triggered in the DNSSEC verification code for the EdDSA algorithm. (CVE-2022-38178) [GL #3487]
Feature Changes
Response Rate Limiting (RRL) code now treats all QNAMEs that are subject to wildcard processing within a given zone as the same name, to prevent circumventing the limits enforced by RRL. [GL #3459]
Zones using
dnssec-policy
now require dynamic DNS orinline-signing
to be configured explicitly. [GL #3381]When reconfiguring
dnssec-policy
from using NSEC with an NSEC-only DNSKEY algorithm (e.g. RSASHA1) to a policy that uses NSEC3, BIND 9 no longer fails to sign the zone; instead, it keeps using NSEC until the offending DNSKEY records have been removed from the zone, then switches to using NSEC3. [GL #3486]A backward-compatible approach was implemented for encoding internationalized domain names (IDN) in
dig
and converting the domain to IDNA2008 form; if that fails, BIND tries an IDNA2003 conversion. [GL #3485]
Bug Fixes
A serve-stale bug was fixed, where BIND would try to return stale data from cache for lookups that received duplicate queries or queries that would be dropped. This bug resulted in premature SERVFAIL responses, and has now been resolved. [GL #2982]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.6
Feature Changes
The DNSSEC algorithms RSASHA1 and NSEC3RSASHA1 are now automatically disabled on systems where they are disallowed by the security policy (e.g. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9). Primary zones using those algorithms need to be migrated to new algorithms prior to running on these systems, as graceful migration to different DNSSEC algorithms is not possible when RSASHA1 is disallowed by the operating system. [GL #3469]
Log messages related to fetch limiting have been improved to provide more complete information. Specifically, the final counts of allowed and spilled fetches are now logged before the counter object is destroyed. [GL #3461]
Bug Fixes
When running as a validating resolver forwarding all queries to another resolver,
named
could crash with an assertion failure. These crashes occurred when the configured forwarder sent a broken DS response andnamed
failed its attempts to find a proper one instead. This has been fixed. [GL #3439]Non-dynamic zones that inherit
dnssec-policy
from theview
oroptions
blocks were not marked as inline-signed and therefore never scheduled to be re-signed. This has been fixed. [GL #3438]The old
max-zone-ttl
zone option was meant to be superseded by themax-zone-ttl
option indnssec-policy
; however, the latter option was not fully effective. This has been corrected: zones no longer load if they contain TTLs greater than the limit configured indnssec-policy
. For zones with both the oldmax-zone-ttl
option anddnssec-policy
configured, the old option is ignored, and a warning is generated. [GL #2918]rndc dumpdb -expired
was fixed to include expired RRsets, even ifstale-cache-enable
is set tono
and the cache-cleaning time window has passed. [GL #3462]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.5
Feature Changes
The
dnssec-signzone -H
default value has been changed to 0 additional NSEC3 iterations. This change aligns thednssec-signzone
default with the default used by thednssec-policy
feature. At the same time, documentation about NSEC3 has been aligned with the Best Current Practice. [GL #3395]
Bug Fixes
An assertion failure caused by a TCP connection closing between a connect (or accept) and a read from a socket has been fixed. [GL #3400]
When grafting non-delegated namespace onto delegated namespace,
synth-from-dnssec
could incorrectly synthesize non-existence of records within the non-delegated namespace using NSEC records from higher zones. [GL #3402]Previously,
named
immediately returned a SERVFAIL response to the client when it received a FORMERR response from an authoritative server during recursive resolution. This has been fixed:named
acting as a resolver now attempts to contact other authoritative servers for a given domain when it receives a FORMERR response from one of them. [GL #3152]Previously,
rndc reconfig
did not pick up changes toendpoints
statements inhttp
blocks. This has been fixed. [GL #3415]It was possible for a catalog zone consumer to process a catalog zone member zone when there was a configured pre-existing forward-only forward zone with the same name. This has been fixed. [GL #2506]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.4
Feature Changes
New
dnssec-policy
configuration checks have been added to detect unusual policies, such as missing KSK and/or ZSK and too-short key lifetimes and re-sign periods. [GL #1611]
Bug Fixes
The
fetches-per-server
quota is designed to adjust itself downward automatically when an authoritative server times out too frequently. Due to a coding error, that adjustment was applied incorrectly, so that the quota for a congested server was always set to 1. This has been fixed. [GL #3327]DNSSEC-signed catalog zones were not being processed correctly. This has been fixed. [GL #3380]
Key files were updated every time the
dnssec-policy
key manager ran, whether the metadata had changed or not.named
now checks whether changes were applied before writing out the key files. [GL #3302]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.3
Security Fixes
Previously, TLS socket objects could be destroyed prematurely, which triggered assertion failures in
named
instances serving DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) clients. This has been fixed.ISC would like to thank Thomas Amgarten from arcade solutions ag for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. (CVE-2022-1183) [GL #3216]
Known Issues
According to RFC 8310, Section 8.1, the
Subject
field MUST NOT be inspected when verifying a remote certificate while establishing a DNS-over-TLS connection. OnlysubjectAltName
must be checked instead. Unfortunately, some quite old versions of cryptographic libraries might lack the ability to ignore theSubject
field. This should have minimal production-use consequences, as most of the production-ready certificates issued by certificate authorities will havesubjectAltName
set. In such cases, theSubject
field is ignored. Only old platforms are affected by this, e.g. those supplied with OpenSSL versions older than 1.1.1. [GL #3163]See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
New Features
Catalog Zones schema version 2, as described in the “DNS Catalog Zones” IETF draft version 5 document, is now supported by
named
. All of the previously supported BIND-specific catalog zone custom properties (primaries
,allow-query
, andallow-transfer
), as well as the new Change of Ownership (coo
) property, are now implemented. Schema version 1 is still supported, with some additional validation rules applied from schema version 2: for example, theversion
property is mandatory, and a member zone PTR RRset must not contain more than one record. In the event of a validation error, a corresponding error message is logged to help with diagnosing the problem. [GL #3221] [GL #3222] [GL #3223] [GL #3224] [GL #3225]Support DNS Extended Errors (RFC 8914)
Stale Answer
andStale NXDOMAIN Answer
when stale answers are returned from cache. [GL #2267]Add support for remote TLS certificate verification, both to
named
anddig
, making it possible to implement Strict and Mutual TLS authentication, as described in RFC 9103, Section 9.3. [GL #3163]
Bug Fixes
Previously, CDS and CDNSKEY DELETE records were removed from the zone when configured with the
auto-dnssec maintain;
option. This has been fixed. [GL #2931]
Notes for BIND 9.18.2
New Features
Add a new configuration option
reuseport
to disable load balancing on sockets in situations where processing of Response Policy Zones (RPZ), Catalog Zones, or large zone transfers can cause service disruptions. See the BIND 9 ARM for more detail. [GL #3249]
Bug Fixes
Previously, zone maintenance DNS queries retried forever if the destination server was unreachable. These queries included outgoing NOTIFY messages, refresh SOA queries, parental DS checks, and stub zone NS queries. For example, if a zone had any nameservers with IPv6 addresses and a secondary server without IPv6 connectivity, that server would keep trying to send a growing amount of NOTIFY traffic over IPv6. This futile traffic was not logged. This excessive retry behavior has been fixed. [GL #3242]
A number of crashes and hangs which could be triggered in
dig
were identified and addressed. [GL #3020] [GL #3128] [GL #3145] [GL #3184] [GL #3205] [GL #3244] [GL #3248]Invalid
dnssec-policy
definitions, where the defined keys did not cover both KSK and ZSK roles for a given algorithm, were being accepted. These are now checked, and thednssec-policy
is rejected if both roles are not present for all algorithms in use. [GL #3142]Handling of TCP write timeouts has been improved to track the timeout for each TCP write separately, leading to a faster connection teardown in case the other party is not reading the data. [GL #3200]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.1
Security Fixes
The rules for acceptance of records into the cache have been tightened to prevent the possibility of poisoning if forwarders send records outside the configured bailiwick. (CVE-2021-25220)
ISC would like to thank Xiang Li, Baojun Liu, and Chaoyi Lu from Network and Information Security Lab, Tsinghua University, and Changgen Zou from Qi An Xin Group Corp. for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #2950]
TCP connections with
keep-response-order
enabled could leave the TCP sockets in theCLOSE_WAIT
state when the client did not properly shut down the connection. (CVE-2022-0396) [GL #3112]Lookups involving a DNAME could trigger an assertion failure when
synth-from-dnssec
was enabled (which is the default). (CVE-2022-0635)ISC would like to thank Vincent Levigneron from AFNIC for bringing this vulnerability to our attention. [GL #3158]
When chasing DS records, a timed-out or artificially delayed fetch could cause
named
to crash while resuming a DS lookup. (CVE-2022-0667) [GL #3129]
Feature Changes
The DLZ API has been updated: EDNS Client-Subnet (ECS) options sent by a client are now included in the client information sent to DLZ modules when processing queries. [GL #3082]
DEBUG(1)-level messages were added when starting and ending the BIND 9 task-exclusive mode that stops normal DNS operation (e.g. for reconfiguration, interface scans, and other events that require exclusive access to a shared resource). [GL #3137]
The limit on the number of simultaneously processed pipelined DNS queries received over TCP has been removed. Previously, it was capped at 23 queries processed at the same time. [GL #3141]
Bug Fixes
A failed view configuration during a
named
reconfiguration procedure could cause inconsistencies in BIND internal structures, causing a crash or other unexpected errors. This has been fixed. [GL #3060]Previously,
named
logged a “quota reached” message when it hit its hard quota on the number of connections. That message was accidentally removed but has now been restored. [GL #3125]The
max-transfer-time-out
andmax-transfer-idle-out
options were not implemented when the BIND 9 networking stack was refactored in 9.16. The missing functionality has been re-implemented and outgoing zone transfers now time out properly when not progressing. [GL #1897]TCP connections could hang indefinitely if the other party did not read sent data, causing the TCP write buffers to fill. This has been fixed by adding a “write” timer. Connections that are hung while writing now time out after the
tcp-idle-timeout
period has elapsed. [GL #3132]Client TCP connections are now closed immediately when data received cannot be parsed as a valid DNS request. [GL #3149]
The statistics counter representing the current number of clients awaiting recursive resolution results (
RecursClients
) could be miscalculated in certain resolution scenarios, potentially causing the value of the counter to drop below zero. This has been fixed. [GL #3147]An error in the processing of the
blackhole
ACL could cause some DNS requests sent bynamed
to fail - for example, zone transfer requests and SOA refresh queries - if the destination address or prefix was specifically excluded from the ACL using!
, or if the ACL was set tonone
. This has now been fixed.blackhole
worked correctly when it was left unset, or if only positive-match elements were included. [GL #3157]Build errors were introduced in some DLZ modules due to an incomplete change in the previous release. This has been fixed. [GL #3111]
Known Issues
There are no new known issues with this release. See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
Notes for BIND 9.18.0
Note
This section only lists changes since BIND 9.16.25, the most recent release on the previous stable branch of BIND before the publication of BIND 9.18.0.
Known Issues
rndc
has been updated to use the new BIND network manager API. As the network manager currently has no support for UNIX-domain sockets, those cannot now be used withrndc
. This will be addressed in a future release, either by restoring UNIX-domain socket support or by formally declaring them to be obsolete in the control channel. [GL #1759]See above for a list of all known issues affecting this BIND 9 branch.
New Features
named
now supports securing DNS traffic using Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS is used by both DNS over TLS (DoT) and DNS over HTTPS (DoH).named
can use either a certificate provided by the user or an ephemeral certificate generated automatically upon startup. Thetls
block allows fine-grained control over TLS parameters. [GL #1840] [GL #2795] [GL #2796]For debugging purposes,
named
logs TLS pre-master secrets when theSSLKEYLOGFILE
environment variable is set. This enables troubleshooting of issues with encrypted traffic. [GL #2723]Support for DNS over TLS (DoT) has been added to
named
. Network interfaces for DoT are configured using the existing listen-on directive, while TLS parameters are configured using the newtls
block. [GL #1840]named
supports zone transfers over TLS (XFR-over-TLS, XoT) for both incoming and outgoing zone transfers.Incoming zone transfers over TLS are enabled by adding the
tls
keyword, followed by either the name of a previously configuredtls
block or the stringephemeral
, to the addresses included inprimaries
lists. [GL #2392]Similarly, the
allow-transfer
option was extended to accept additionalport
andtransport
parameters, to further restrict outgoing zone transfers to a particular port and/or DNS transport protocol. [GL #2776]Note that zone transfers over TLS (XoT) require the
dot
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) token to be selected in the TLS handshake, as required by RFC 9103 section 7.1. This might cause issues with non-compliant XoT servers. [GL #2794]The
dig
tool is now able to send DoT queries (+tls
option). [GL #1840]There is currently no support for forwarding DNS queries via DoT.
Support for DNS over HTTPS (DoH) has been added to
named
. Both TLS-encrypted and unencrypted connections are supported (the latter may be used to offload encryption to other software). Network interfaces for DoH are configured using the existing listen-on directive, while TLS parameters are configured using the newtls
block and HTTP parameters are configured using the newhttp
block. [GL #1144] [GL #2472]Server-side quotas on both the number of concurrent DoH connections and the number of active HTTP/2 streams per connection can be configured using the global
http-listener-clients
andhttp-streams-per-connection
options, or thelistener-clients
andstreams-per-connection
parameters in anhttp block
. [GL #2809]The
dig
tool is now able to send DoH queries (+https
option). [GL #1641]There is currently no support for forwarding DNS queries via DoH.
DoH support can be disabled at compile time using a new build-time option,
--disable-doh
. This allows BIND 9 to be built without the libnghttp2 library. [GL #2478]A new logging category,
rpz-passthru
, was added, which allows RPZ passthru actions to be logged into a separate channel. [GL #54]A new option,
nsdname-wait-recurse
, has been added to theresponse-policy
clause in the configuration file. When set tono
, RPZ NSDNAME rules are only applied if the authoritative nameservers for the query name have been looked up and are present in the cache. If this information is not present, the RPZ NSDNAME rules are ignored, but the information is looked up in the background and applied to subsequent queries. The default isyes
, meaning that RPZ NSDNAME rules should always be applied, even if the information needs to be looked up first. [GL #1138]Support for HTTPS and SVCB record types now also includes ADDITIONAL section processing for these record types. [GL #1132]
New configuration options,
tcp-receive-buffer
,tcp-send-buffer
,udp-receive-buffer
, andudp-send-buffer
, have been added. These options allow the operator to fine-tune the receiving and sending buffers in the operating system. On busy servers, increasing the size of the receive buffers can prevent the server from dropping packets during short traffic spikes, and decreasing it can prevent the server from becoming clogged with queries that are too old and have already timed out. [GL #2313]New finer-grained
update-policy
rule types,krb5-subdomain-self-rhs
andms-subdomain-self-rhs
, were added. These rule types restrict updates to SRV and PTR records so that their content can only match the machine name embedded in the Kerberos principal making the change. [GL #481]Per-type record count limits can now be specified in
update-policy
statements, to limit the number of records of a particular type that can be added to a domain name via dynamic update. [GL #1657]Support for OpenSSL 3.0 APIs was added. [GL #2843] [GL #3057]
Extended DNS Error Code 18 - Prohibited (see RFC 8914 section 4.19) is now set if query access is denied to the specific client. [GL #1836]
ipv4only.arpa
is now served when DNS64 is configured. [GL #385]dig
can now report the DNS64 prefixes in use (+dns64prefix
). This is useful when the host on whichdig
is run is behind an IPv6-only link, using DNS64/NAT64 or 464XLAT for IPv4aaS (IPv4 as a Service). [GL #1154]dig
output now includes the transport protocol used (UDP, TCP, TLS, HTTPS). [GL #1144] [GL #1816]dig +qid=<num>
allows the user to specify a particular query ID for testing purposes. [GL #1851]
Removed Features
Support for the
map
zone file format (masterfile-format map;
) has been removed. Users relying on themap
format are advised to convert their zones to theraw
format withnamed-compilezone
and change the configuration appropriately prior to upgrading BIND 9. [GL #2882]Old-style Dynamically Loadable Zones (DLZ) drivers that had to be enabled in
named
at build time have been removed. New-style DLZ modules should be used as a replacement. [GL #2814]Support for compiling and running BIND 9 natively on Windows has been completely removed. The last stable release branch that has working Windows support is BIND 9.16. [GL #2690]
Native PKCS#11 support has been removed. [GL #2691]
When built against OpenSSL 1.x, BIND 9 now uses engine_pkcs11 for PKCS#11. engine_pkcs11 is an OpenSSL engine which is part of the OpenSC project.
As support for so-called “engines” was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.x, compiling BIND 9 against an OpenSSL 3.x build which does not retain support for deprecated APIs makes it impossible to use PKCS#11 in BIND 9. A replacement for engine_pkcs11 which employs the new “provider” approach introduced in OpenSSL 3.x is in the making. [GL #2843]
The utilities
dnssec-checkds
,dnssec-coverage
, anddnssec-keymgr
have been removed from the BIND distribution, as well as theisc
Python package. DNSSEC features formerly provided by these utilities are now integrated intonamed
. See thednssec-policy
configuration option for more details.An archival version of the Python utilities has been moved to the repository https://gitlab.isc.org/isc-projects/dnssec-keymgr/. Please note these tools are no longer supported by ISC.
Since the old socket manager API has been removed, “socketmgr” statistics are no longer reported by the
statistics-channels
. [GL #2926]The
glue-cache
option has been marked as deprecated. The glue cache feature still works and will be permanently enabled in a future release. [GL #2146]A number of non-working configuration options that had been marked as obsolete in previous releases have now been removed completely. Using any of the following options is now considered a configuration failure:
acache-cleaning-interval
,acache-enable
,additional-from-auth
,additional-from-cache
,allow-v6-synthesis
,cleaning-interval
,dnssec-enable
,dnssec-lookaside
,filter-aaaa
,filter-aaaa-on-v4
,filter-aaaa-on-v6
,geoip-use-ecs
,lwres
,max-acache-size
,nosit-udp-size
,queryport-pool-ports
,queryport-pool-updateinterval
,request-sit
,sit-secret
,support-ixfr
,use-queryport-pool
,use-ixfr
. [GL #1086]The
dig
option+unexpected
has been removed. [GL #2140]IPv6 sockets are now explicitly restricted to sending and receiving IPv6 packets only. As this breaks the
+mapped
option fordig
, the option has been removed. [GL #3093]Disable and disallow static linking of BIND 9 binaries and libraries as BIND 9 modules require
dlopen()
support and static linking also prevents using security features like read-only relocations (RELRO) or address space layout randomization (ASLR) which are important for programs that interact with the network and process arbitrary user input. [GL #1933]The
--with-gperftools-profiler
configure
option was removed. To use the gperftools profiler, theHAVE_GPERFTOOLS_PROFILER
macro now needs to be manually set inCFLAGS
and-lprofiler
needs to be present inLDFLAGS
. [GL !4045]
Feature Changes
Aggressive Use of DNSSEC-Validated Cache (
synth-from-dnssec
, see RFC 8198) is now enabled by default again, after having been disabled in BIND 9.14.8. The implementation of this feature was reworked to achieve better efficiency and tuned to ignore certain types of broken NSEC records. Negative answer synthesis is currently only supported for zones using NSEC. [GL #1265]The default NSEC3 parameters for
dnssec-policy
were updated to no extra SHA-1 iterations and no salt (NSEC3PARAM 1 0 0 -
). This change is in line with the latest NSEC3 recommendations. [GL #2956]The default for
dnssec-dnskey-kskonly
was changed toyes
. This means that DNSKEY, CDNSKEY, and CDS RRsets are now only signed with the KSK by default. The additional signatures prepared using the ZSK when the option is set tono
add to the DNS response payload without offering added value. [GL #1316]dnssec-cds
now only generates SHA-2 DS records by default and avoids copying deprecated SHA-1 records from a child zone to its delegation in the parent. If the child zone does not publish SHA-2 CDS records,dnssec-cds
will generate them from the CDNSKEY records. The-a algorithm
option now affects the process of generating DS digest records from both CDS and CDNSKEY records. Thanks to Tony Finch. [GL #2871]Previously,
named
accepted FORMERR responses both with and without an OPT record, as an indication that a given server did not support EDNS. To implement full compliance with RFC 6891, only FORMERR responses without an OPT record are now accepted. This intentionally breaks communication with servers that do not support EDNS and that incorrectly echo back the query message with the RCODE field set to FORMERR and the QR bit set to 1. [GL #2249]The question section is now checked when processing AXFR, IXFR, and SOA replies while transferring a zone in. [GL #1683]
DNS Flag Day 2020: the EDNS buffer size probing code, which made the resolver adjust the EDNS buffer size used for outgoing queries based on the successful query responses and timeouts observed, was removed. The resolver now always uses the EDNS buffer size set in
edns-udp-size
for all outgoing queries. [GL #2183]Keeping stale answers in cache (
stale-cache-enable
) has been disabled by default. [GL #1712]Overall memory use by
named
has been optimized and significantly reduced, especially for resolver workloads. [GL #2398] [GL #3048]Memory allocation is now based on the memory allocation API provided by the jemalloc library, on platforms where it is available. Use of this library is now recommended when building BIND 9; although it is optional, it is enabled by default. [GL #2433]
Internal data structures maintained for each cache database are now grown incrementally when they need to be expanded. This helps maintain a steady response rate on a loaded resolver while these internal data structures are resized. [GL #2941]
The interface handling code has been refactored to use fewer resources, which should lead to less memory fragmentation and better startup performance. [GL #2433]
When reporting zone types in the statistics channel, the terms
primary
andsecondary
are now used instead ofmaster
andslave
, respectively. [GL #1944]The
rndc nta -dump
andrndc secroots
commands now both includevalidate-except
entries when listing negative trust anchors. These are indicated by the keywordpermanent
in place of the expiry date. [GL #1532]The output of
rndc serve-stale status
has been clarified. It now explicitly reports whether retention of stale data in the cache is enabled (stale-cache-enable
), and whether returning such data in responses is enabled (stale-answer-enable
). [GL #2742]Previously, using
dig +bufsize=0
had the side effect of disabling EDNS, and there was no way to test the remote server’s behavior when it had received a packet with EDNS0 buffer size set to 0. This is no longer the case;dig +bufsize=0
now sends a DNS message with EDNS version 0 and buffer size set to 0. To disable EDNS, usedig +noedns
. [GL #2054]BIND 9 binaries which are neither daemons nor administrative programs were moved to
$bindir
. Onlyddns-confgen
,named
,rndc
,rndc-confgen
, andtsig-confgen
were left in$sbindir
. [GL #1724]The BIND 9 build system has been changed to use a typical autoconf+automake+libtool stack. This should not make any difference for people building BIND 9 from release tarballs, but when building BIND 9 from the Git repository,
autoreconf -fi
needs to be run first. Extra attention is also needed when using non-standardconfigure
options. [GL #4]
Bug Fixes
Log files using
timestamp
-style suffixes were not always correctly removed when the number of files exceeded the limit set byversions
. This has been fixed. [GL #828]
License
BIND 9 is open source software licensed under the terms of the Mozilla Public
License, version 2.0 (see the COPYING
file for the full text).
Those wishing to discuss license compliance may contact ISC at https://www.isc.org/contact/.
End of Life
BIND 9.18 (Extended Support Version) will be supported until at least December, 2025. See https://kb.isc.org/docs/aa-00896 for details of ISC’s software support policy.
Thank You
Thank you to everyone who assisted us in making this release possible.